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[@andrewcaravello](/creator/twitter/andrewcaravello)
"🧬 The Immune Infrastructure: How #DCVax IL-7 and $NWBO #AdventBioServices Are Building the Digital Pathway to Real-Time FDA Approval Under #CNPV and the New Era of AI-Driven Immunity 🌅 Preface Every era of technology begins when an unpredictable process becomes infrastructure. For chemistry it was electricity; for computation it was silicon. For biology it is happening now: the immune system itself is becoming programmable. Random inflammation is turning into reproducible logic. This transformation was foreshadowed by the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded for the discovery"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1976602927453085751) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-10T10:57Z 1262 followers, 2040 engagements


"#DCVax actually makes $IBRX Anktiva unnecessary. Anktiva (N-803) is a recombinant IL-15 superagonist designed to expand and maintain cytotoxic and NK cells after priming. But $NWBO DC1 maturation process the engine that powers DC-Vax already performs that function internally. DC-Vax is built from a patients own immune cells educated ex vivo with their own whole-tumor lysate. That means every possible antigen unique to that patients tumor is presented naturally producing a fully personalized vaccine with no off-target toxicity and an innate safety profile that comes from using the patients own"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1977398350707069171) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-12T15:37Z 1262 followers, 2799 engagements


"🧬 The Nobel Engine: How $NWBO #DCVax Turns the 2025 Economics and Medicine Prizes Into a Living System of Innovation TLDR: The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics honored Joel Mokyr Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt for proving that innovation drives sustainable growth through feedback renewal and creative destruction. The 2025 Medicine Nobel for Regulatory T Cells and the 2011 Medicine Nobel for Dendritic Cells revealed how life itself follows the same logic: balance instruction and adaptation. $NWBO #DCVax platform and its manufacturing arm Advent BioServices unite those ideas into practice"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1977844111878058058) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-13T21:09Z 1265 followers, 2582 engagements


"$NWBO #DCVax and $IBRX #Anktiva Systemic IL-15 Are Not the Same Class of Therapy Superficially both strategies engage dendritic cells but the similarity ends there. DCVax is a dendritic-cell therapyan engineered patient-specific instructor of immunitywhile systemic IL-15 is simply a cytokine input. The distinction is that between instruction and stimulation. DCVax-L: Ex Vivo Instruction Using the Patients Full Antigen Library DCVax-L begins with a patients monocytes which are differentiated into dendritic cells outside the body under controlled GMP conditions. These cells are loaded with the"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978073809149165593) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-14T12:22Z 1262 followers, 1248 engagements


"$NWBO and its #DCVax platform show how innovation and policy reform can align. The #PromisingPathwayAct could accelerate access to life-saving treatments for glioblastoma and other rare cancers. Sign and share the petition at 🔗 🎗 #AdventBioServices #FDA #CNPV #PPA2 #Oncology #Immunotherapy #Biotech #Glioblastoma #CancerResearch #ClinicalTrials #HealthCare #Innovation #RegulatoryScience #RareDisease #LifeSciences #Policy #TransAtlantic #EvidenceCommons"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978518854914523497) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-15T17:50Z 1262 followers, 2663 engagements


"🧬 The Duffy Vector How a Nine-Month Detour Quietly Aligned $MRK with $NWBO and Why Winterfell Exists #DCVax #Keytruda #Yervoy #Merck #NWBO #BMS #Winterfell #PolyICLC #IL2 #IL7 🕯 Prologue A Line on a Rsum In September 2019 a small Maryland company called Northwest Biotherapeutics announced that Kevin T. Duffy Ph.D. M.B.A.a senior scientist from Merck & Co. who had spent five years orchestrating Keytrudas scientific-affairs networkwas joining as Vice President of Medical Affairs and External Collaborations. To most it was a footnote. To those who trace corporate choreography through quiet"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978578954098528476) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-15T21:49Z 1262 followers, 3892 engagements


"🧬 The Immune OS Theory How $NWBO #DCVax Network May Quietly Align $MRK $AMGN $ZEOAF Advent and #RevImmune into a Global Architecture Poised to Launch. Absolutely @mazzulo_lorie this is where the whole map finally snaps into focus. Everything weve been piecing together #AdventBioServices in the UK Mercks Winterfell fortress in Pennsylvania Amgens digital citadel in Ohio Zeons polymer-and-microfluidic ecosystem the Eden automation engine and RevImmunes IL-7 renewal layer now forms a single logical picture. It remains a theory built entirely from public data and reasoned inference but the"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978663140733702548) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T03:23Z 1264 followers, 3303 engagements


"🧬 The Leadership Equation and the #AWS Model Behind $NWBO Next Chapter Its natural to ask what happens when a company like Northwest Biotherapeutics led for two decades by its founding team finally crosses from regulatory limbo to commercial reality. Linda Powers turns XX next year. Les Goldman Dr. Marnix Bosch and the rest of the early guard are all veterans of the field. So the question feels obvious: can they keep running the company after MHRA approval The short answer is yes not only can they stay but there are powerful reasons why they should. 🧭 The Continuity Argument: Experience Is"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978773666134360490) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T10:43Z 1262 followers, XXX engagements


"$NWBO #DCVax"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978791641499439574) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T11:54Z 1262 followers, XXX engagements


"Yes the company in that clip is ImmunityBio (NASDAQ: $IBRX ) founded by Dr. Patrick Soon-Shiong. The circulating post about a BioShield cancer cure misrepresents both the scope of the drug and the state of the evidence. X. What the drug actually is The BioShield injection refers to Anktiva (N-803) ImmunityBios modified IL-15 superagonist. It is an engineered form of interleukin-15 intended to stimulate natural killer (NK) and CD8 cytotoxic T cells. In April 2024 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Anktiva for one specific indication: BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978807759840670017) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T12:58Z 1262 followers, XXX engagements


"🧩 The Forgotten Vaccine: Why $NWBO #DCVax-Prostate Still Holds the Key to Immune Precision 🧪 Section X The First Blueprint In the late 1990s when cancer immunotherapy was still dismissed as fringe biology a team led by Dr Gerald Murphy and Dr Alton Boynton in the Pacific Northwest set out to do something audacious. They wanted to teach the body to recognize its own cancer the same way it recognizes a virus. Their vehicle was the dendritic cell the immune systems teacher cell and their chosen target was PSMA a protein found almost exclusively on advanced prostate tumors. The idea was"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978829878628614297) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T14:26Z 1262 followers, 1145 engagements


"Thats a great point and I appreciate you bringing it up. Youre right that Kevin Duffy appears to be at Regeneron now and that actually aligns with the way his career has evolved. Its reasonable to think that his work at NWBO was project-based. His background has always been in building bridges between science infrastructure and regulatory readiness. At Merck he helped coordinate external collaborations around the Keytruda program and when he joined NWBO his focus seemed to be evaluating and aligning the companys scientific and operational framework ahead of regulatory engagement. People with"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978857330725818623) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T16:15Z 1265 followers, XXX engagements


"$NWBO #DCVax"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978859527584752075) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T16:24Z 1262 followers, XXX engagements


"$NWBO #DCVax"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978899824008102244) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T19:04Z 1262 followers, 1298 engagements


"🧩 The Great Retreat: How $NWBO #DCVax and #AdventBioServices Built the Immune Infrastructure Big Pharma Walked Away From TLDR Between 2023 and 2025 nearly every major pharmaceutical company that once promised a revolution in cell therapy has stepped back. $NVO (Novo Nordisk) $TAK (Takeda) $GILD (Gilead) $RHHBY (Roche / Genentech) $VRTX (Vertex) $NVS (Novartis) and $BLUE (Bluebird Bio) have all scaled down or abandoned programs once hailed as the future of medicine. The official languagestrategic focus portfolio optimization efficiency realignmentmasks a deeper truth: the biology works the"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978954812940026168) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T22:42Z 1262 followers, 2552 engagements


"CAR-T cells are indeed living but they are genetically engineered artificial in design and short-lived in function. They begin as a patients own T cells but in the lab they are reprogrammed with a synthetic gene that encodes a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) an artificial structure made by fusing antibody and T-cell signaling domains that do not naturally exist together in the body. This modification forces the cell to attack one specific antigen bypassing the immune systems normal checks and balances. Because they are hyper-activated and engineered CAR-T therapies often cause significant"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979181642477437184) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-17T13:44Z 1262 followers, XX engagements


"🧬 The M7 Confirmation: Why $NWBO Patents Mayos Trials Thermo Fisher $TMO and $MRK s Quiet Hand Align to Build the Immune OS #DCVax 🔑 Setting the Stage: Why Maturation Matters Every army needs generals. In the immune system those generals are dendritic cells (DCs). They gather intelligence decide what is dangerous and train T-cells to attack. But theres a catch: DCs dont start out as leaders. They begin immature more like scouts roaming around and sampling debris. To become generals they must mature. That means flipping genetic switches expressing co-stimulatory molecules and secreting"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1971499674600124467) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-09-26T08:58Z 1265 followers, XXX engagements


"The End of Cytokine Therapy: How $NWBO #DCVax Made $IBRX IL-15 Obsolete 🔬 Executive Summary DCVax already performs IL-15s core job. The DC1 maturation process used in Northwest Biotherapeutics DCVax drives very high IL-12 p70 and IL-18 secretion and suppresses IL-10. This creates a self-sustaining IL-12 IL-18 IFN- feedback loop that naturally expands and maintains cytotoxic CD8 T cells and NK cells. Those are the same lineages that IL-15 agonists like Anktiva are designed to stimulate. But importantly the DC1 loop doesnt just reproduce IL-15s effect it transcends it. While IL-15 activates"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1977420854528246172) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-12T17:07Z 1265 followers, 3127 engagements


"The Disappearing Combo How a withdrawn trial at #UCLA revealed the quiet architecture connecting $BMS $MRK and $NWBO and the people who taught the immune system to remember Prologue The Vanished Trial The notice appeared without ceremony. A single line on described a new study at UCLAs Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center. Patients with lethal brain tumors would receive two of Bristol Myers Squibbs most famous checkpoint inhibitorsYervoy (ipilimumab) and Opdivo (nivolumab)alongside a dendritic-cell vaccine made from their own tumors. It was small careful and quietly revolutionary: acceleration"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1977918273191661711) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-14T02:03Z 1265 followers, 4082 engagements


"$NWBO #DCVax #GBM Why the Trial Disappeared A Working Theory What follows isnt confirmed fact but reasoned speculation based on public information clinical timelines and whats known about the patents and people involved. No one outside those meetings knows exactly what happened but when you line up the evidence a picture begins to form. X. The Visible Part: A Trial That Blinked Out In 2023 UCLA registered a small ambitious study. Patients with brain tumors would receive Bristol Myers Squibbs two major checkpoint inhibitors Yervoy (ipilimumab) and Opdivo (nivolumab) alongside a dendritic-cell"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978056008036433973) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-14T11:11Z 1265 followers, 2545 engagements


"The #PromisingPathwayAct would let the #FDA grant time-limited conditional approvals for rare & deadly cancers giving patients access years sooner while data keep building. Faster. Safer. Smarter. 🧬 It could help families fighting: #Glioblastoma #DIPG #PancreaticCancer #Cholangiocarcinoma #Angiosarcoma #Mesothelioma #Chordoma #GallbladderCancer #UvealMelanoma #SmallCellEsophagealCancer #OvarianCancer #TripleNegativeBreastCancer #Liposarcoma #ThymicCarcinoma #AdrenocorticalCarcinoma #MucinousAdenocarcinoma #GastrointestinalStromalTumor #MedullaryThyroidCancer #Osteosarcoma #EwingSarcoma ✍"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1978785972700495937) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-16T11:31Z 1265 followers, 1554 engagements


"🧬 The Signal Beneath the Silence: How Manufacturing Became the Brain of the Immune OS with $NWBO #AdventBioServices $MRK $REGN $AMGN and the #PromisingPathwayAct Preface This essay expands on a single question: why would Northwest Biotherapeutics need a U.S. manufacturing site before approval The answer reveals how manufacturing regulation and biology have merged into one living system. TLDR Mercks abrupt retreat from the United Kingdom the United States one-hundred-percent tariff on imported branded drugs and Northwest Biotherapeutics preparing a U.S. site are not isolated events. They are"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979150989958562094) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-17T11:42Z 1265 followers, 1682 engagements


"🧬 #DCVax The Living Vaccine: How $NWBO Built the System the World Is Just Beginning to See Abstract The 2025 Nature Immunology review by Samir N. Khleif and Seema Gupta Cancer Vaccines as Enablers of Immunotherapy redefines how the field views cancer treatment. It argues that all immunotherapy from checkpoint inhibitors to adoptive cell transfer relies on one indispensable process: proper dendritic-cellmediated priming of T cells. Without this immune checkpoint blockade induces dysfunction rather than cure. The review positions therapeutic cancer vaccines as the foundational enablers of"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979173519213891910) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-17T13:11Z 1265 followers, 1213 engagements


"🧬 $NWBO #DCVax-L The Living Treatment for #GBM The #EANO2025 #Immunotherapy slide shows every major immunotherapy for glioblastoma: checkpoint inhibitors CAR-T cells oncolytic viruses and cancer vaccines. Only one of them is alive. DCVax-L is made from each patients own dendritic cells trained outside the body with that patients tumor lysate the complete antigenic fingerprint of their cancer. Once reinfused those living cells migrate through lymph nodes present thousands of tumor antigens activate CD4 and CD8 T cells and build lasting immune memory that keeps learning. Checkpoint inhibitors"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979175815574438286) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-17T13:21Z 1265 followers, 1570 engagements


"🧬 Re-Educating the Immune System: How a $NWBO #DCVax Platform Could End Vasculitis Forever (Based on Nature Scientific Reports 2025: 🧠 I. The Disease That Steals Sight Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) sometimes called temporal arteritis is the most common primary systemic vasculitis in adults over XX. Its not a trivial headache disorderits an immunologic emergency capable of blinding a patient within hours. The inflammation targets the medium and large arteries especially the temporal branches of the carotid the ophthalmic and sometimes the aorta itself. Symptoms unfold like a warning in slow"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979268393988505636) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-17T19:28Z 1265 followers, XXX engagements


"🧬 From Daraxonrasib to $NWBO #DCVax : How the #CNPV Logic Extends from Suppression to Instruction The FDAs new Commissioners National Priority Voucher (CNPV) program was never just about speed. It was about national priorities therapies that solve problems chemistry alone cant fix. Understanding why Revolution Medicines daraxonrasib (RMC-6236) earned that voucher helps explain why Northwest Biotherapeutics DC-VAX is next in line. The voucher pilot launched in 2025 gives regulators authority to compress review time from twelve months to roughly two but only for therapies that meet multiple"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979272888491430151) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-17T19:46Z 1265 followers, 3028 engagements


"$NWBO #DCVax #Flaskworks Eden platform qualifies as U.S. manufacturing under the FDAs #CNPV logic because it was invented patented and built by a Massachusetts-based companyFlaskworks Inc.that Northwest Biotherapeutics acquired outright in 2020. The patent (U.S. 10647954 B1) defines a closed automated cell-culture system called EDITH (Engineered Dendritic-cell Immune Therapy Hub) a modular bioreactor that automates the production of individualized dendritic-cell vaccines under current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Because the design control software and physical units originate from"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979586902018724230) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-18T16:34Z 1265 followers, XXX engagements


"It is inaccurate to describe $IBRX #BioShield use of low-dose chemo or radiation as very similar to $NWBO #DCVax antigen-loading or instructional process. The two approaches differ fundamentally in biology control and purpose. What BioShield does through uncontrolled in-vivo antigen release and systemic cytokine stimulation is not equivalent to DCVaxs structured ex-vivo immune instruction and durable memory formation. X. Antigen exposure is not dendritic-cell instruction Low-dose chemotherapy and radiation can cause tumor-cell death which releases antigens into circulation but this process is"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979592856793764041) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-18T16:58Z 1265 followers, XXX engagements


"🧬 The Mechanical Spine of Immunity: How $NWBO #DCVax #Eden and #Flaskworks Built Americas Living Factory When the U.S. Patent Office stamped Flaskworks newly allowed patentSystems and Methods for Cell Culturingit quietly did more than protect a machine. It defined the architecture of an entire industrys next phase. At first glance it is a technical blueprint: pumps sensors and closed chambers that grow immune cells without a human hand ever breaking sterility. But beneath the engineering lies something deeper. This is the mechanical and regulatory backbone that allows DCVax-class"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979596529242419287) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-18T17:12Z 1265 followers, 2573 engagements


"🧬 The DoD Grant That Validated the #DCVax Blueprint How the U.S. Department of Defenses $XXXX Million Moffitt Award Brought $NWBO DC1 Immune Platform Into the Federal Research Framework TLDR In October 2025 the U.S. Department of Defense awarded $XXXX million to the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center for a groundbreaking intrathecal dendritic-cell vaccine trial in leptomeningeal disease. The project was the only one selected out of fourteen national proposals. Behind the scenes the trials immune logicthe -type X polarized dendritic-cell platform or DC1was developed by Drs. Pawel Kalinski and Brian"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979728084380123374) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-19T01:55Z 1265 followers, 4249 engagements


"🧾 The NHS Prepares for $NWBO #DCVax-L: What the High-Cost Drugs Listing Really Means TLDR In July 2025 DCVax-L (murcidencel) quietly appeared on NHS Englands High Cost Drugs Commissioning List. The move doesnt signal final approval yetbut it marks the point at which the United Kingdoms health system has begun building the operational bridge between laboratory success and patient access. Listing indicates that NHS England expects to commission DCVax-L once the MHRA completes its review and NICE issues guidance. It also means that specialist neuro-oncology centres can now prepare"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979737289421939139) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-19T02:32Z 1265 followers, 3215 engagements


"🧬 Dr. Peter Forsyth Confirms the $NWBO #DCVax Blueprint At the National ASTRO Meeting in San Francisco Dr. Peter Forsyth of Moffitt Cancer Center described what may be one of the most significant immune-therapy breakthroughs in neuro-oncology. Speaking about his intrathecal dendritic-cell vaccine trial for leptomeningeal disease he stated that patients are now living five to eight times longer than expected. In a disease where median survival is usually three to four months that figure translates to well over a year and often multiple years. Given that the trial began enrolling in 2023 those"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979974269246321142) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-19T18:13Z 1265 followers, XXX engagements


"🧬 Dr. Peter Forsyth Confirms the $NWBO #DCVax Blueprint At the National ASTRO Meeting in San Francisco Dr. Peter Forsyth of Moffitt Cancer Center described what may be one of the most significant immune-therapy breakthroughs in neuro-oncology. Speaking about his intrathecal dendritic-cell vaccine trial for leptomeningeal disease he stated that patients are now living five to eight times longer than expected. In a disease where median survival is usually three to four months that figure translates to well over a year and often multiple years. Given that the trial began enrolling in 2023 those"  
[X Link](https://x.com/andrewcaravello/status/1979977661188641236) [@andrewcaravello](/creator/x/andrewcaravello) 2025-10-19T18:27Z 1265 followers, 3033 engagements