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![paulnovosad Avatar](https://lunarcrush.com/gi/w:24/cr:twitter::470696317.png) Paul Novosad [@paulnovosad](/creator/twitter/paulnovosad) on x 23.1K followers
Created: 2025-07-18 13:51:11 UTC

There is *so much* variation even across Europe on which immigrants come in and how their children do.

Figure (Boustan et al) shows rank gap vs. native-born for immigrants and their children.

One of the richest graphs around. What is going on here?
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![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GwJE0XBW4AEyH-C.jpg)

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