[GUEST ACCESS MODE: Data is scrambled or limited to provide examples. Make requests using your API key to unlock full data. Check https://lunarcrush.ai/auth for authentication information.]

![SocraticQuant Avatar](https://lunarcrush.com/gi/w:24/cr:twitter::1595556355951063040.png) Richard Crowe [@SocraticQuant](/creator/twitter/SocraticQuant) on x 13.4K followers
Created: 2025-07-26 12:21:01 UTC

Here are the number of recess appointments by President:

- **Joe Biden (2021–2025)**: X recess appointments; blocked by pro forma sessions and *Noel Canning* ruling (2014).
- **Donald Trump (2017–2021)**: X recess appointments; Senate used pro forma sessions to prevent recesses.
- **Barack Obama (2009–2017)**: XX recess appointments; three ruled unconstitutional in *NLRB v. Canning*.
- **George W. Bush (2001–2009)**: XXX recess appointments; limited later by pro forma sessions.
- **Bill Clinton (1993–2001)**: XXX recess appointments, including one Cabinet secretary.
- **George H.W. Bush (1989–1993)**: XX recess appointments.
- **Ronald Reagan (1981–1989)**: XXX recess appointments, including federal judges.
- **Jimmy Carter (1977–1981)**: ~60–70 recess appointments (estimated).
- **Gerald Ford (1974–1977)**: ~30 recess appointments (estimated).
- **Richard Nixon (1969–1974)**: ~40–50 recess appointments (estimated).
- **Notes**: *Noel Canning* (2014) requires 10-day recesses; pro forma sessions limit modern use; earlier data less precise.


XXX engagements

![Engagements Line Chart](https://lunarcrush.com/gi/w:600/p:tweet::1949082529690226735/c:line.svg)

**Related Topics**
[barack obama](/topic/barack-obama)
[donald trump](/topic/donald-trump)
[joe biden](/topic/joe-biden)

[Post Link](https://x.com/SocraticQuant/status/1949082529690226735)