#  @bitlemonsoftware BitLemon BitLemon posts on YouTube about virtual, science, code, what is the most. They currently have [------] followers and [--] posts still getting attention that total [-----] engagements in the last [--] hours. ### Engagements: [-----] [#](/creator/youtube::UCiDpRjyRpsgRSEM2pIrkCiA/interactions)  - [--] Week [------] -7.60% - [--] Month [------] +3.10% - [--] Months [-------] +377% - [--] Year [-------] +4,220% ### Mentions: [--] [#](/creator/youtube::UCiDpRjyRpsgRSEM2pIrkCiA/posts_active)  ### Followers: [------] [#](/creator/youtube::UCiDpRjyRpsgRSEM2pIrkCiA/followers)  - [--] Week [------] +1.60% - [--] Month [------] +9% - [--] Months [------] +121% - [--] Year [------] +472% ### CreatorRank: [---------] [#](/creator/youtube::UCiDpRjyRpsgRSEM2pIrkCiA/influencer_rank)  ### Social Influence **Social category influence** [currencies](/list/currencies) 8.33% **Social topic influence** [virtual](/topic/virtual) 33.33%, [science](/topic/science) 29.17%, [code](/topic/code) 25%, [what is](/topic/what-is) 20.83%, [l2](/topic/l2) 16.67%, [cycle](/topic/cycle) 12.5%, [store](/topic/store) 12.5%, [file](/topic/file) 12.5%, [main](/topic/main) 12.5%, [animation](/topic/animation) 8.33% ### Top Social Posts Top posts by engagements in the last [--] hours "Page Tables and MMU: How Virtual Memory Actually Works Behind the Scenes (Animation) Page Tables and MMU: How Virtual Memory Actually Works Behind the Scenes In the previous video I talked about some of the problems caused by directly accessing main memory and how virtual memory and paging solve them. In this video Ill explain how virtual memory actually works under the hood including the structure of a page table the memory management unit (MMU) and translation look aside buffer (TLB) hardware the relationship between the operating system and memory hardware and the process of translating a" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=B6tJxvYBNrU) 2025-03-03T13:14Z 25.5K followers, 48.3K engagements "CPU Architecture Explained This video discusses the building blocks of a simple CPU how they work individually and how they cooperate to execute a set of instructions which ultimatelly make any computer software run. SUMMARY To understand how CPU's work at the most fundamental level we need to be familiar with it's most basic components these are: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): the processors computational engine responsible for executing arithmetic logical comparison and shift operations. The Registers: a set of small high-speed memory units which are mainly found in the Register File the" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=GtVDTp826DE) 2025-11-09T11:45Z 25.5K followers, 82.2K engagements "Memory Mapped IO vs Port Mapped IO (Animation) This video is about Memory Mapped IO vs Port Mapped IO. What is memory-mapped I/O and how does it actually work In this video I break down memory mapping of peripheral devices and how the operating system and programs use it to communicate with hardware devices. SUMMARY Memory-Mapped Input/Output (MMIO) and Port-Mapped Input/Output (PMIO) are two approaches used to communicate with hardware devices in a computer system. In Memory-Mapped I/O device memory is mapped into the systems main address spacethe same space used by regular RAM. This allows" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=bY6NQb10AaI) 2025-04-06T18:34Z 25.5K followers, 24.1K engagements "DMA Controller: How Peripheral Devices Transfer Data to RAM DMA Controller: How Peripheral Devices Transfer Data to RAM a basic computer consists of three parts: a central processing unit (CPU) memory (RAM) and a bus that allows data transfer between them. all other connected hardware is considered peripheral devices. In this video I explain how DMA works in a modern computer architecture including: the problem with transferring data between peripheral devices and main memory (RAM) how DMA controllers solve this problem types of DMA architectures how modern PCI Express (PCIe) systems" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=s8RGHggL7ws) 2025-03-20T20:17Z 25.5K followers, 27.7K engagements "Cache Simulator in C++: Building a Basic Framework In this video I write the code for a CPU cache simulator in C++ (my favorite programming language). This video focuses on building a basic framework which I can improve upon in future videos. This cache simulation includes the implementation of main memory with a capacity of 4MB and a basic 16KB 4-way set-associative write-through cache with [--] sets that uses a simple random replacement algorithm implemented on a 32-bit system. Both main memory and cache are abstracted by a Memory System which allows the processor to access memory without" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=ss-PDXKKjH8) 2025-05-12T12:25Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements "Why Programs Use Stack Heap and Other Memory Segments The virtual memory of a process is divided into several regions each serving a specific purpose: code data and BSS heap stack the operating systems kernel space and potentially other segments. In this video I go over why this segmentation is so important and what does each segment actually does. SUMMARY The main segments of a program's virtual space are: Text/Code: The executable instructions of the program. Loaded from the binary (compiled) file found on the disk. Data & BSS: Global and static variables. The data segment stores" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=EXIxAPITb7U) 2025-07-02T11:51Z 25.5K followers, 32.8K engagements "Cache Replacement Policies (LRU Tree-pLRU MRU QLRU FIFO LFU Random and more) Cache Replacement Policies (LRU Tree-pLRU MRU QLRU FIFO LFU Random and more) When a cache miss occurs the CPU needs to load the data from the main memory into the cache. However if the target cache set is already full it must decide which existing data in the set to evict. This decision is made using a replacement algorithm. There are many types of cache replacement policies each with several variations. Every cache uses the best policy for its specific purpose. In this video I will briefly go over common replacement" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=P_UYI23DddU) 2024-11-04T20:26Z 25.5K followers, 14.9K engagements "The CPU Cache - Short Animated Overview The CPU cache is a small high-speed memory located close to the processor core designed to improve the efficiency of accessing frequently used data and instructions. It bridges the significant speed gap between the processor and main memory reducing latency and enhancing performance. The cache uses the principles of spatial and temporal locality to store and deliver data the CPU is likely to need next. It is divided into cache lines which store fixed-size blocks of data. Cache associativitysuch as direct-mapped set-associative or fully-associative" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=ZPT7tj_Cljc) 2024-11-29T09:57Z 25.5K followers, 217.8K engagements "Virtual Memory Explained (including Paging) Virtual Memory Explained (including Paging) In this video I explain what is Virtual Memory and Paging the problems with allowing programs to directly access RAM and how Virtual Memory and Paging solve those problems. LINKS 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection: https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/427972 📚 Inside the Core: How the CPU Works (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/467679 📚 Interrupts in Modern Computer Systems (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/420320 📚 The Anatomy of Virtual" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=fGP6VHxqkIM) 2025-02-06T10:19Z 25.5K followers, 96.4K engagements "CPU Cache Write Policies (Write Through Write Back Write Allocate No Write Allocate) CPU Cache Write Policies (Write Through Write Back Write Allocate No Write Allocate) Every time the CPU reads data from the cache it is guaranteed to receive the correct up-to-date data that corresponds to the requested address in main memory regardless of whether it's a read hit or a read miss. Writing to the cache introduces a challenge: when a block of data in the cache is modified the main memory may still hold the outdated information at the accessed address. This is known as the cache coherence problem." [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=wfVy85Dqiyc) 2024-11-24T13:04Z 25.5K followers, 13.8K engagements "Cache Hierarchy: How Modern CPU Caches Are Organized (L1 L2 and L3) Beginner's Guide to CPU Caches (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/362123 Modern CPUs have multiple caches. In fact they have a whole cache hierarchy. In this video I discuss how modern CPU cache hierarchies are structured describe the properties of each cache level explain cache inclusion policies and provide an example of how the processor reads and writes data within the cache hierarchy. SUMMARY The cache closest to the processor core is the smallest and fastest while the farthest cache is the largest but" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=7yrK_9PderQ) 2024-12-10T21:16Z 25.5K followers, 25.4K engagements "How Interrupts Work in Modern Computers Interrupts in modern computers are a fascinating topic. They are absolutely essential in our modern high-performance systems. They serve both as a communication mechanism between peripheral device and the CPU and as a way of interrupting a processor's execution to handle something important. SUMMARY Interrupts are signals that tell the processor that something important has happened and its immediate attention is required. These signals can be triggered by all sorts of events. For instance moving your mouse pressing a key on the keyboard a storage" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=G7bqvpAw7HE) 2025-08-11T12:57Z 25.5K followers, 39.6K engagements "SRAM vs DRAM: The Speed Difference between Cache and RAM (Animation) SRAM vs DRAM: The Speed Difference between Cache and RAM. In this video I talk about the difference between cache memory technology (SRAM) and main memory technology (DRAM). SUMMARY There are several reasons why cache access is much faster than main memory: the proximity of the memory to the processor core the bus width the complexity of the data transfer protocol and the technology behind each type of memory. While proximity to the processor core bus width and data transfer protocol all play a role the memory technology has" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=ammQYLcyebA) 2025-01-02T18:56Z 25.5K followers, 11.9K engagements "How Cache Works Inside a CPU How Cache Works inside a CPU Caching is a large and complex subject. In this video I explain the basics of a CPU cache: What is the CPU cache and what is it good for How data is transferred between the CPU main memory and cache Cache hit and cache miss concepts Locality of Reference principle Structure of a cache memory Cache read/write requests Types of cache memory: N-Way Set Associative Fully Associative and Direct-Mapped cache LINKS 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection: https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/427972 📚 Inside the Core: How" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=zF4VMombo7U) 2024-09-11T07:33Z 25.5K followers, 93.4K engagements "Why Do CPU Caches Use 64-Byte Data Lines Why do most caches use 64-byte data lines This choice is based on observations of how programs access memory including both data and instructions. When a program accesses one piece of data it often needs nearby data as well. By fetching [--] bytes at a time the cache ensures that future requests for nearby data are already available in the cache. Fetching less than [--] bytes might result in more main memory accesses while using lines larger than [--] bytes might bring in data that will never be accessed. Using 64-byte lines reduces the total number of tags" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=6J_A7rfYHGs) 2024-12-16T08:59Z 25.5K followers, 17.1K engagements "How Out-of-Order Execution Works In this video you will learn about the fundamentals of processor pipelining the stage-based instruction execution the superscalar processor design the problems (hazards) that arise from various access patterns and finally how instructions are actually processed - fetching them from memory executing them out-of-order (using Tomasulo's algorithm) and finally reassembling them to be written to the registers in their original order. SUMMARY I this video I explain the following topics: CPU Design Basics: CPU pipelining the SuperScalar Design Instruction-Level" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=EzEKGlO9w4Y) 2026-01-06T10:14Z 25.5K followers, 17.3K engagements "Virtual Memory Segments The virtual memory of a process is divided into several regions each serving a specific purpose: code data and BSS heap stack the operating systems kernel space and potentially other segments. LINKS 📚 The Anatomy of Virtual Memory (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/400638 📚 Beginner's Guide to CPU Caches (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/362123 📚 Interrupts in Modern Computer Systems (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/420320 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection:" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=w81WKdy2Ivc) 2025-09-28T07:22Z 25.5K followers, 15.8K engagements "C++ Vectors Explained in [---] seconds A vector in C++ is a dynamic array that can resize itself automatically when elements are added or removed as opposed to an array which has a constant size. Similar to arrays vectors can only contain one type of object so when defining a vector you must specify the type of object that will be stored in that vector. Elements in a vector are stored next to each other in memory making access and iteration super fast. Vectors come with a ton of functions to add remove and access elements easily. Vectors manage their own memory which means they handle" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=2XZrX_-yLrA) 2024-08-06T10:00Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements "CPU Out-of-Order Pipeline Execution Overview This is a quick high-level overview of how an out-of-order processor pipeline executes instructions. If you want to learn computer architecture in an easy-to-understand and fun way check out my short e-book collection. Links below . LINKS 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection: https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/427972 📚 Inside the Core: How the CPU Works (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/467679 📚 Interrupts in Modern Computer Systems (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/420320 📚 The" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=IAqi6Euw0LY) 2026-01-28T13:16Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements "Bitwise Operations: The Most Underappreciated Feature in Low-Level Programming Bitwise operations are low-level operations that directly modify individual bits within a binary number. They are fundamental to computer science and are used in many applications where performance and memory efficiency are critical and need to be handled with the utmost precision. Where Are Bitwise Operations Used - Low-level programming: Bitwise operations are the bread and butter of systems programming device drivers and embedded systems. When youre this close to the hardware you need to be as efficient as" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=vqpfrSIyojo) 2024-08-11T10:23Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements "Understanding the Magic of Binary Search Trees A short explanation of how Binary Search Trees work and how new values are inserted to allow fast search and retrieval of data. A Binary Search Tree is a non-linear data structure optimized for searching numbers very quickly. It achieves this by sorting the numbers in a particular way as they are inserted into the tree. A Binary Search Tree always has a maximum of two children per node. It sorts values as they are inserted into the tree in a way that enables fast searching. When a value is inserted the algorithm starts with the root node and" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=3g1LgR0TqcE) 2024-07-25T08:13Z [--] followers, [--] engagements "What is a Page Fault A page fault is a type of exception generated by the processor when a program tries to access a portion of memory that is not currently loaded into physical RAM. SUMMARY In modern operating systems that use virtual memory data is organized into fixed-size blocks called pages which can be stored either in RAM or on disk. To access data it must be loaded into RAM. So when a required page is not in RAM the processor triggers a page fault to bring the requested page from disk. There are two types of page faults: Minor (Soft) Page Fault: The accessed data is already in RAM but" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=eoFcFqPiPjk) 2025-05-29T18:53Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements "Cache Simulator in C++: Measuring Cache Hit Rate In this video I add a mechanism that measures the cache hit rate to my cache simulation. I test the cache hit rate using two scenarios: sequential read and random read. Enjoy LINKS 👨💻 Cache Simulator Code (GitHub): https://github.com/bitlemonsoftware/cache-iq 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection: https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/427972 📚 Inside the Core: How the CPU Works (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/467679 📚 Interrupts in Modern Computer Systems (E-Book):" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=y9xDHGzSAyg) 2025-05-19T09:14Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements "MultiLevel Page Tables: How Virtual Memory is Optimized (Animation) In this video I explain why page tables (the foundation of virtual memory) can require a significant amount of physical memory. To reduce this overhead modern computers use various optimizations especially in 64-bit systems with large address spaces and gigabytes of RAM. SUMMARY The simplest way to implement virtual memory is with a linear (or flat) page table. In this design each virtual page in a process address space has a corresponding entry in the page table regardless of whether the page is actually used or not. However" [YouTube Link](https://youtube.com/watch?v=zNPVmTGt7Ds) 2025-05-02T08:21Z 25.5K followers, 14K engagements Limited data mode. Full metrics available with subscription: lunarcrush.com/pricing
@bitlemonsoftware BitLemon
BitLemon posts on YouTube about virtual, science, code, what is the most. They currently have [------] followers and [--] posts still getting attention that total [-----] engagements in the last [--] hours.
Engagements: [-----] #
- [--] Week [------] -7.60%
- [--] Month [------] +3.10%
- [--] Months [-------] +377%
- [--] Year [-------] +4,220%
Mentions: [--] #
Followers: [------] #
- [--] Week [------] +1.60%
- [--] Month [------] +9%
- [--] Months [------] +121%
- [--] Year [------] +472%
CreatorRank: [---------] #
Social Influence
Social category influence currencies 8.33%
Social topic influence virtual 33.33%, science 29.17%, code 25%, what is 20.83%, l2 16.67%, cycle 12.5%, store 12.5%, file 12.5%, main 12.5%, animation 8.33%
Top Social Posts
Top posts by engagements in the last [--] hours
"Page Tables and MMU: How Virtual Memory Actually Works Behind the Scenes (Animation) Page Tables and MMU: How Virtual Memory Actually Works Behind the Scenes In the previous video I talked about some of the problems caused by directly accessing main memory and how virtual memory and paging solve them. In this video Ill explain how virtual memory actually works under the hood including the structure of a page table the memory management unit (MMU) and translation look aside buffer (TLB) hardware the relationship between the operating system and memory hardware and the process of translating a"
YouTube Link 2025-03-03T13:14Z 25.5K followers, 48.3K engagements
"CPU Architecture Explained This video discusses the building blocks of a simple CPU how they work individually and how they cooperate to execute a set of instructions which ultimatelly make any computer software run. SUMMARY To understand how CPU's work at the most fundamental level we need to be familiar with it's most basic components these are: The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): the processors computational engine responsible for executing arithmetic logical comparison and shift operations. The Registers: a set of small high-speed memory units which are mainly found in the Register File the"
YouTube Link 2025-11-09T11:45Z 25.5K followers, 82.2K engagements
"Memory Mapped IO vs Port Mapped IO (Animation) This video is about Memory Mapped IO vs Port Mapped IO. What is memory-mapped I/O and how does it actually work In this video I break down memory mapping of peripheral devices and how the operating system and programs use it to communicate with hardware devices. SUMMARY Memory-Mapped Input/Output (MMIO) and Port-Mapped Input/Output (PMIO) are two approaches used to communicate with hardware devices in a computer system. In Memory-Mapped I/O device memory is mapped into the systems main address spacethe same space used by regular RAM. This allows"
YouTube Link 2025-04-06T18:34Z 25.5K followers, 24.1K engagements
"DMA Controller: How Peripheral Devices Transfer Data to RAM DMA Controller: How Peripheral Devices Transfer Data to RAM a basic computer consists of three parts: a central processing unit (CPU) memory (RAM) and a bus that allows data transfer between them. all other connected hardware is considered peripheral devices. In this video I explain how DMA works in a modern computer architecture including: the problem with transferring data between peripheral devices and main memory (RAM) how DMA controllers solve this problem types of DMA architectures how modern PCI Express (PCIe) systems"
YouTube Link 2025-03-20T20:17Z 25.5K followers, 27.7K engagements
"Cache Simulator in C++: Building a Basic Framework In this video I write the code for a CPU cache simulator in C++ (my favorite programming language). This video focuses on building a basic framework which I can improve upon in future videos. This cache simulation includes the implementation of main memory with a capacity of 4MB and a basic 16KB 4-way set-associative write-through cache with [--] sets that uses a simple random replacement algorithm implemented on a 32-bit system. Both main memory and cache are abstracted by a Memory System which allows the processor to access memory without"
YouTube Link 2025-05-12T12:25Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements
"Why Programs Use Stack Heap and Other Memory Segments The virtual memory of a process is divided into several regions each serving a specific purpose: code data and BSS heap stack the operating systems kernel space and potentially other segments. In this video I go over why this segmentation is so important and what does each segment actually does. SUMMARY The main segments of a program's virtual space are: Text/Code: The executable instructions of the program. Loaded from the binary (compiled) file found on the disk. Data & BSS: Global and static variables. The data segment stores"
YouTube Link 2025-07-02T11:51Z 25.5K followers, 32.8K engagements
"Cache Replacement Policies (LRU Tree-pLRU MRU QLRU FIFO LFU Random and more) Cache Replacement Policies (LRU Tree-pLRU MRU QLRU FIFO LFU Random and more) When a cache miss occurs the CPU needs to load the data from the main memory into the cache. However if the target cache set is already full it must decide which existing data in the set to evict. This decision is made using a replacement algorithm. There are many types of cache replacement policies each with several variations. Every cache uses the best policy for its specific purpose. In this video I will briefly go over common replacement"
YouTube Link 2024-11-04T20:26Z 25.5K followers, 14.9K engagements
"The CPU Cache - Short Animated Overview The CPU cache is a small high-speed memory located close to the processor core designed to improve the efficiency of accessing frequently used data and instructions. It bridges the significant speed gap between the processor and main memory reducing latency and enhancing performance. The cache uses the principles of spatial and temporal locality to store and deliver data the CPU is likely to need next. It is divided into cache lines which store fixed-size blocks of data. Cache associativitysuch as direct-mapped set-associative or fully-associative"
YouTube Link 2024-11-29T09:57Z 25.5K followers, 217.8K engagements
"Virtual Memory Explained (including Paging) Virtual Memory Explained (including Paging) In this video I explain what is Virtual Memory and Paging the problems with allowing programs to directly access RAM and how Virtual Memory and Paging solve those problems. LINKS 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection: https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/427972 📚 Inside the Core: How the CPU Works (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/467679 📚 Interrupts in Modern Computer Systems (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/420320 📚 The Anatomy of Virtual"
YouTube Link 2025-02-06T10:19Z 25.5K followers, 96.4K engagements
"CPU Cache Write Policies (Write Through Write Back Write Allocate No Write Allocate) CPU Cache Write Policies (Write Through Write Back Write Allocate No Write Allocate) Every time the CPU reads data from the cache it is guaranteed to receive the correct up-to-date data that corresponds to the requested address in main memory regardless of whether it's a read hit or a read miss. Writing to the cache introduces a challenge: when a block of data in the cache is modified the main memory may still hold the outdated information at the accessed address. This is known as the cache coherence problem."
YouTube Link 2024-11-24T13:04Z 25.5K followers, 13.8K engagements
"Cache Hierarchy: How Modern CPU Caches Are Organized (L1 L2 and L3) Beginner's Guide to CPU Caches (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/362123 Modern CPUs have multiple caches. In fact they have a whole cache hierarchy. In this video I discuss how modern CPU cache hierarchies are structured describe the properties of each cache level explain cache inclusion policies and provide an example of how the processor reads and writes data within the cache hierarchy. SUMMARY The cache closest to the processor core is the smallest and fastest while the farthest cache is the largest but"
YouTube Link 2024-12-10T21:16Z 25.5K followers, 25.4K engagements
"How Interrupts Work in Modern Computers Interrupts in modern computers are a fascinating topic. They are absolutely essential in our modern high-performance systems. They serve both as a communication mechanism between peripheral device and the CPU and as a way of interrupting a processor's execution to handle something important. SUMMARY Interrupts are signals that tell the processor that something important has happened and its immediate attention is required. These signals can be triggered by all sorts of events. For instance moving your mouse pressing a key on the keyboard a storage"
YouTube Link 2025-08-11T12:57Z 25.5K followers, 39.6K engagements
"SRAM vs DRAM: The Speed Difference between Cache and RAM (Animation) SRAM vs DRAM: The Speed Difference between Cache and RAM. In this video I talk about the difference between cache memory technology (SRAM) and main memory technology (DRAM). SUMMARY There are several reasons why cache access is much faster than main memory: the proximity of the memory to the processor core the bus width the complexity of the data transfer protocol and the technology behind each type of memory. While proximity to the processor core bus width and data transfer protocol all play a role the memory technology has"
YouTube Link 2025-01-02T18:56Z 25.5K followers, 11.9K engagements
"How Cache Works Inside a CPU How Cache Works inside a CPU Caching is a large and complex subject. In this video I explain the basics of a CPU cache: What is the CPU cache and what is it good for How data is transferred between the CPU main memory and cache Cache hit and cache miss concepts Locality of Reference principle Structure of a cache memory Cache read/write requests Types of cache memory: N-Way Set Associative Fully Associative and Direct-Mapped cache LINKS 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection: https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/427972 📚 Inside the Core: How"
YouTube Link 2024-09-11T07:33Z 25.5K followers, 93.4K engagements
"Why Do CPU Caches Use 64-Byte Data Lines Why do most caches use 64-byte data lines This choice is based on observations of how programs access memory including both data and instructions. When a program accesses one piece of data it often needs nearby data as well. By fetching [--] bytes at a time the cache ensures that future requests for nearby data are already available in the cache. Fetching less than [--] bytes might result in more main memory accesses while using lines larger than [--] bytes might bring in data that will never be accessed. Using 64-byte lines reduces the total number of tags"
YouTube Link 2024-12-16T08:59Z 25.5K followers, 17.1K engagements
"How Out-of-Order Execution Works In this video you will learn about the fundamentals of processor pipelining the stage-based instruction execution the superscalar processor design the problems (hazards) that arise from various access patterns and finally how instructions are actually processed - fetching them from memory executing them out-of-order (using Tomasulo's algorithm) and finally reassembling them to be written to the registers in their original order. SUMMARY I this video I explain the following topics: CPU Design Basics: CPU pipelining the SuperScalar Design Instruction-Level"
YouTube Link 2026-01-06T10:14Z 25.5K followers, 17.3K engagements
"Virtual Memory Segments The virtual memory of a process is divided into several regions each serving a specific purpose: code data and BSS heap stack the operating systems kernel space and potentially other segments. LINKS 📚 The Anatomy of Virtual Memory (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/400638 📚 Beginner's Guide to CPU Caches (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/362123 📚 Interrupts in Modern Computer Systems (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/420320 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection:"
YouTube Link 2025-09-28T07:22Z 25.5K followers, 15.8K engagements
"C++ Vectors Explained in [---] seconds A vector in C++ is a dynamic array that can resize itself automatically when elements are added or removed as opposed to an array which has a constant size. Similar to arrays vectors can only contain one type of object so when defining a vector you must specify the type of object that will be stored in that vector. Elements in a vector are stored next to each other in memory making access and iteration super fast. Vectors come with a ton of functions to add remove and access elements easily. Vectors manage their own memory which means they handle"
YouTube Link 2024-08-06T10:00Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements
"CPU Out-of-Order Pipeline Execution Overview This is a quick high-level overview of how an out-of-order processor pipeline executes instructions. If you want to learn computer architecture in an easy-to-understand and fun way check out my short e-book collection. Links below . LINKS 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection: https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/427972 📚 Inside the Core: How the CPU Works (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/467679 📚 Interrupts in Modern Computer Systems (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/420320 📚 The"
YouTube Link 2026-01-28T13:16Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements
"Bitwise Operations: The Most Underappreciated Feature in Low-Level Programming Bitwise operations are low-level operations that directly modify individual bits within a binary number. They are fundamental to computer science and are used in many applications where performance and memory efficiency are critical and need to be handled with the utmost precision. Where Are Bitwise Operations Used - Low-level programming: Bitwise operations are the bread and butter of systems programming device drivers and embedded systems. When youre this close to the hardware you need to be as efficient as"
YouTube Link 2024-08-11T10:23Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements
"Understanding the Magic of Binary Search Trees A short explanation of how Binary Search Trees work and how new values are inserted to allow fast search and retrieval of data. A Binary Search Tree is a non-linear data structure optimized for searching numbers very quickly. It achieves this by sorting the numbers in a particular way as they are inserted into the tree. A Binary Search Tree always has a maximum of two children per node. It sorts values as they are inserted into the tree in a way that enables fast searching. When a value is inserted the algorithm starts with the root node and"
YouTube Link 2024-07-25T08:13Z [--] followers, [--] engagements
"What is a Page Fault A page fault is a type of exception generated by the processor when a program tries to access a portion of memory that is not currently loaded into physical RAM. SUMMARY In modern operating systems that use virtual memory data is organized into fixed-size blocks called pages which can be stored either in RAM or on disk. To access data it must be loaded into RAM. So when a required page is not in RAM the processor triggers a page fault to bring the requested page from disk. There are two types of page faults: Minor (Soft) Page Fault: The accessed data is already in RAM but"
YouTube Link 2025-05-29T18:53Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements
"Cache Simulator in C++: Measuring Cache Hit Rate In this video I add a mechanism that measures the cache hit rate to my cache simulation. I test the cache hit rate using two scenarios: sequential read and random read. Enjoy LINKS 👨💻 Cache Simulator Code (GitHub): https://github.com/bitlemonsoftware/cache-iq 📚 Computer Memory and Architecture E-Book Collection: https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/427972 📚 Inside the Core: How the CPU Works (E-Book): https://buymeacoffee.com/bitlemonsoftware/e/467679 📚 Interrupts in Modern Computer Systems (E-Book):"
YouTube Link 2025-05-19T09:14Z 25.5K followers, [----] engagements
"MultiLevel Page Tables: How Virtual Memory is Optimized (Animation) In this video I explain why page tables (the foundation of virtual memory) can require a significant amount of physical memory. To reduce this overhead modern computers use various optimizations especially in 64-bit systems with large address spaces and gigabytes of RAM. SUMMARY The simplest way to implement virtual memory is with a linear (or flat) page table. In this design each virtual page in a process address space has a corresponding entry in the page table regardless of whether the page is actually used or not. However"
YouTube Link 2025-05-02T08:21Z 25.5K followers, 14K engagements
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