[GUEST ACCESS MODE: Data is scrambled or limited to provide examples. Make requests using your API key to unlock full data. Check https://lunarcrush.ai/auth for authentication information.] [@alexklein0x](/creator/twitter/alexklein0x) "@perplexity_ai notable seed investors include @ylecun @natfriedman @amasad series a led by @psonsini (nea) with @natfriedman participating alongside @databricks @SusanWojcicki @JeffDean @paultoo series b was led by @CackF (ivp) with participation from @solbier1 (factorial funds) @JeffBezos (amazon) @psonsini (nea) @nvidia @rauchg @KindredVentures @BessemerVP @balajis"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051900635586760) 2025-07-18 03:38:23 UTC 1375 followers, 2236 engagements "@xai series a led by @krishnakgupta (romulus venture partners) series b enters the capitalists including @solbier1 (factorial funds) @sequoia @valorequity @tribecap @mavenvc @hofcapital @fidelity @autopilotvc @abstractvc series c welcomed @morganstanley @blackrock and @amd among others"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051899058504057) 2025-07-18 03:38:23 UTC 1375 followers, XXX engagements "@elevenlabsio preseed: @obartos (credo ventures) @reecechowdhry (concept ventures) @alexfmac series a co-led by @natfriedman + @danielgross (nfdg) & @jenniferhli (a16z) with an a++ crew participating in @rauchg @blader @mustafasuleyman and more series b co-led by @natfriedman + @danielgross (nfdg) & @jenniferhli + @davidgeorge83 (a16z) series c co-led by @slpierre (iconiq) & @jenniferhli + @davidgeorge83 (a16z)"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051887473844547) 2025-07-18 03:38:20 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements "massive congrats to @mcadonofrio on joining crosslink capital as partner mary spent the last X years at bessemer backing anthropic auth0 (acq by okta) canva hashicorp (ipo) launchdarkly toast (ipo) zapier and more tremendous respect to crosslink for staying lean relative to aum. founder-first disciplined and quietly backing companies that compound. a+ move 🔥"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1940093660873597223) 2025-07-01 17:02:28 UTC 1376 followers, XXX engagements "@anduriltech seed led by founders fund (@briansin with @traestephens being a cofounder of course) participated: @geofflewisorg (bedrock) @gpcastle12 (anorak ventures) @cgarrett_15 (137 ventures) @joemontana (liquid X / with team) series a led by founders fund (brian with trae/firm) participated: @jtlonsdale (8vc) @ktmboyle (while at gc alongside @htaneja) sv angel human capital series b led by @ktmboyle + @davidu (a16z) & @htaneja (gc) series c led by @ktmboyle + @davidu (a16z) latest: factorial funds (@solbier1) was the only net new add on the most recent round. very long line to get in"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051882696519978) 2025-07-18 03:38:19 UTC 1376 followers, 1319 engagements "15/ @LauriJMoore Bessemer Partner (Early-stage data AI infra dev tools) Joined July 2024 from Foundation Capital. ex-founder ex-Fed data scientist ex-LinkedIn PM. Now leading early-stage deals in data developer tools and AI infra"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1935165896387186768) 2025-06-18 02:41:17 UTC 1376 followers, 1097 engagements "@rippling yc co. seed led by initialized & hydrazine capital with @weiguo01 (uphonest capital) @sohailprasad (individual) @arjunsethi81 (social capital) @rsamvit (soma capital) @leelinden (individual) participating series a was led by @mamoonha (kleiner) with @michaelandma + @joemontana (liquid2) @joshsteinvc (threshold) and others participating series b was led by napoleon @ @foundersfund with participation by greenoaks coatue and @geofflewisorg (bedrock) neil (greenoaks) led the series e @coatuemgmt led the series f"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051892683198519) 2025-07-18 03:38:21 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements "@dalnktech @NEA @khoslaventures @BoxGroup @SusaVentures @lightspeedvp @BessemerVP @IndexVentures @Google @greycroftvc @nvidia tell us more"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946321865183842420) 2025-07-18 21:31:08 UTC 1375 followers, XXX engagements "@anthropicai early rounds were heavily mission-aligned and nontraditional capital. dustin moskovitz (open philanthropy) jaan tallinn eric schmidt james mcclave series b: led by @sbf_ftx (ftx) with participation from caroline ellison jim mcclave nishad singh jaan tallinn and the center for emerging risk research (cerr) mostly individual and nontraditional backers. factorial funds (@solbier1) also joined as one of the only institutional vcs on the early cap table. series c: google strategic check not a traditional vc-led round. series d: @nabeel (spark capital) series e: @nik_quinn & @ravi_lsvp"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051884617527404) 2025-07-18 03:38:19 UTC 1376 followers, 1159 engagements "lots of movement across top vc firms lately especially at the partner level. we pulled the data to see who's actually getting hired where theyre coming from and what kind of experience is breaking through. first project with our summer intern who is already smarter faster and better dressed than me. had a lot of fun with it heres the map. some clear patterns 👇"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1935165873846895008) 2025-06-18 02:41:12 UTC 1374 followers, 93.2K engagements "small tip for anyone interviewing in venture: when asked about your network dont just list impressive people you know(ish) and would call on a hot deal. be prepared to point to examples of when you were called by said impressive people. and why they called you. the value is the ladder. too many focus on the former. thats the network top firms are looking for. one that goes both ways"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1947118004522955054) 2025-07-21 02:14:42 UTC 1375 followers, XXX engagements "@togethercompute seed was led by @breeves08 (lux capital) with participation from @arjunsethi81 (susa ventures) @rsamvit (soma capital) @scottbanistergr (individual) @xanderatallah (individual) @frankelzach (individual) the first series a was co-led by @nvidia and @buckymoore (while at kp) with participation from @emergencecap second series a was led by @pdrews & @rl_keith (salesforce ventures) with participation from @manuaero (susa ventures) & @breeves08 (lux capital) series b was co-led by @generalcatalyst @alumniventures & @prosperity7vc with participation from @marchcapital @nvidia"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051895896019156) 2025-07-18 03:38:22 UTC 1373 followers, XXX engagements "@scale_AI yc co. series a was led by @daniel_levine (accel) with participation from @natfriedman @ilyasut @rauchg @gdb @ccheever @brosenblatt4 (boxgroup) series b was led by @mavolpi (while at index) with participation from @daniel_levine (accel) @justinkan (fractal) and @drewhouston (dropbox) series c was led by @peterthiel (founders fund) with participation from @mavolpi (while at index) @andychen @lucasswisher1 @krisfredrickson (coatue) @scottbelsky (now a24) @willreed_21 (spark capital)"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051894344126878) 2025-07-18 03:38:22 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements "21/ @natalievais Spark Capital General Partner (Early-stage dev tools & infra) Joined in 2023 from Amplify Partners where she led seed investments in MotherDuck Eppo ReadySet SpiralDB and TigerBeetle"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1935165908793856265) 2025-06-18 02:41:20 UTC 1376 followers, 1091 engagements "1/ trend 1: the "builder's advantage" is table stakes now. with capital everywhere VCs who've shipped at startups & scaleups (like the ex-founders and PMs dominating this list) sniff out execution pitfalls that pure financiers miss. this isn't hype it's why operator-VCs are closing highly competitive deals + delivering outsized post-investment ops support. @pmarca has long preached: back those whove lived the chaos"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1944513525575287003) 2025-07-13 21:45:26 UTC 1373 followers, XXX engagements "21/ @Arpan_Shah_ Spark Capital General Partner (Early-stage) Joined November 2024 from Pear VC where he was a Partner. Prev Sequioa Scout. Co-founded Flannel (acquired by Plaid) led Robinhoods data/infrastructure teams. Now investing in fintech AI and enterprise infrastructure startups"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1935165907107725612) 2025-06-18 02:41:20 UTC 1376 followers, 1160 engagements "14/ @PankajMitra Bessemer Partner (India: AI enterprise tech cybersecurity) Joined June 2025 from Ciscos corporate development team. Leads Bessemers $350M India fund focused on AI enterprise software and cybersecurity. Backed Fiddler Uniphore Whatfix at Cisco"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1935165894940049767) 2025-06-18 02:41:17 UTC 1376 followers, 1141 engagements "the operator-to-vc pipeline keeps heating up and it's reshaping how deals get done. we mapped 30+ standout transitions over the last few years. these are the builders who became backers with some doing both in parallel. folks from @PalantirTech @Google @Airbnb @Dropbox @datadoghq @glean and @flexport are now deploying at top funds. trends i'm seeing below 👇"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1944513521859035214) 2025-07-13 21:45:25 UTC 1374 followers, 50.8K engagements "I would add that the board member who hired this ceo at X diff companies will also be on the chopping block. If not they should be with how much of a pos this guy clearly is (the Reddit posts from director reports of his are wild). I have worked for someone like that before and goooood lord these people"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946382694965006424) 2025-07-19 01:32:51 UTC 1372 followers, 17.2K engagements "@databricks series a led by @bhorowitz (a16z) participated: @chuang_alfred (race capital) sv angel series b led by @psonsini (nea) participated: ben (a16z) dcvc a16z went on to lead the series d e and f and co-led the j alongside thrive dst gic insight and wcm"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051886148469189) 2025-07-18 03:38:20 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements "@shomikghosh21 @CackF certified beast. also in cribl and clickhouse not too shabby"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946054463120421059) 2025-07-18 03:48:34 UTC 1376 followers, XX engagements "oh man. certainly his last ceo job. should also be her last c level hr job. the ceo and the chief people office hysterical. because definition of the ppl who should be furthest away from anything like this and by doing something this stupid they do not deserve to be in another c suite period"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946379163109318898) 2025-07-19 01:18:49 UTC 1371 followers, XXX engagements "@tjparker 🎯 XXX% the wnba is absolutely on a roll. feels like they just raised a series b pmf is real time to scale. if this momentum keeps up giving players equity will create generational wealth and give them even more skin in the game. I love this such a smart idea"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1947020622883950942) 2025-07-20 19:47:45 UTC 1376 followers, XX engagements "@lennysan @8enmann @AnthropicAI @bhorowitz @a16z @btaylor woah"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946676069547074000) 2025-07-19 20:58:37 UTC 1376 followers, XX engagements "@wiz_io series a had an elite cap table with @dougleone (sequoia) @jhoring (insight partners) @shardul_shah (index ventures) & @giliraanan (cyberstarts) series b had all of the same investors but added neil (greenoaks) and @adventventures added @salesforce series c was co-led by greenoaks & @jhoring (insight partners) with all of the same investors (no net new) series e was co-led by @pjclark (thrive) @arshammem (lightspeed) @zanelackey & @sarahdingwang (a16z) with @nkkall (salesforce ventures) @howardschultz (maveron) @giliraanan (cyberstarts) @chandna & @saammotamedi (greylock)"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051897498206464) 2025-07-18 03:38:22 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements "everyone talks about the breakout startups. no one talks about the investors who actually got in. i will. we mapped the cap tables behind some of the most iconic companies of this generation: openai anthropic anduril databricks rippling scale ramp perplexity elevenlabs together seed to growth. some names youd expect. a few that might surprise you (factorial in X of them launched in XX. wild). and yeah we probably missed some. call me out 👇"  [@alexklein0x](/creator/x/alexklein0x) on [X](/post/tweet/1946051879672455170) 2025-07-18 03:38:18 UTC 1375 followers, 75.3K engagements
[GUEST ACCESS MODE: Data is scrambled or limited to provide examples. Make requests using your API key to unlock full data. Check https://lunarcrush.ai/auth for authentication information.]
@alexklein0x
"@perplexity_ai notable seed investors include @ylecun @natfriedman @amasad series a led by @psonsini (nea) with @natfriedman participating alongside @databricks @SusanWojcicki @JeffDean @paultoo series b was led by @CackF (ivp) with participation from @solbier1 (factorial funds) @JeffBezos (amazon) @psonsini (nea) @nvidia @rauchg @KindredVentures @BessemerVP @balajis" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:23 UTC 1375 followers, 2236 engagements
"@xai series a led by @krishnakgupta (romulus venture partners) series b enters the capitalists including @solbier1 (factorial funds) @sequoia @valorequity @tribecap @mavenvc @hofcapital @fidelity @autopilotvc @abstractvc series c welcomed @morganstanley @blackrock and @amd among others" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:23 UTC 1375 followers, XXX engagements
"@elevenlabsio preseed: @obartos (credo ventures) @reecechowdhry (concept ventures) @alexfmac series a co-led by @natfriedman + @danielgross (nfdg) & @jenniferhli (a16z) with an a++ crew participating in @rauchg @blader @mustafasuleyman and more series b co-led by @natfriedman + @danielgross (nfdg) & @jenniferhli + @davidgeorge83 (a16z) series c co-led by @slpierre (iconiq) & @jenniferhli + @davidgeorge83 (a16z)" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:20 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements
"massive congrats to @mcadonofrio on joining crosslink capital as partner mary spent the last X years at bessemer backing anthropic auth0 (acq by okta) canva hashicorp (ipo) launchdarkly toast (ipo) zapier and more tremendous respect to crosslink for staying lean relative to aum. founder-first disciplined and quietly backing companies that compound. a+ move 🔥" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-01 17:02:28 UTC 1376 followers, XXX engagements
"@anduriltech seed led by founders fund (@briansin with @traestephens being a cofounder of course) participated: @geofflewisorg (bedrock) @gpcastle12 (anorak ventures) @cgarrett_15 (137 ventures) @joemontana (liquid X / with team) series a led by founders fund (brian with trae/firm) participated: @jtlonsdale (8vc) @ktmboyle (while at gc alongside @htaneja) sv angel human capital series b led by @ktmboyle + @davidu (a16z) & @htaneja (gc) series c led by @ktmboyle + @davidu (a16z) latest: factorial funds (@solbier1) was the only net new add on the most recent round. very long line to get in" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:19 UTC 1376 followers, 1319 engagements
"15/ @LauriJMoore Bessemer Partner (Early-stage data AI infra dev tools) Joined July 2024 from Foundation Capital. ex-founder ex-Fed data scientist ex-LinkedIn PM. Now leading early-stage deals in data developer tools and AI infra" @alexklein0x on X 2025-06-18 02:41:17 UTC 1376 followers, 1097 engagements
"@rippling yc co. seed led by initialized & hydrazine capital with @weiguo01 (uphonest capital) @sohailprasad (individual) @arjunsethi81 (social capital) @rsamvit (soma capital) @leelinden (individual) participating series a was led by @mamoonha (kleiner) with @michaelandma + @joemontana (liquid2) @joshsteinvc (threshold) and others participating series b was led by napoleon @ @foundersfund with participation by greenoaks coatue and @geofflewisorg (bedrock) neil (greenoaks) led the series e @coatuemgmt led the series f" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:21 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements
"@dalnktech @NEA @khoslaventures @BoxGroup @SusaVentures @lightspeedvp @BessemerVP @IndexVentures @Google @greycroftvc @nvidia tell us more" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 21:31:08 UTC 1375 followers, XXX engagements
"@anthropicai early rounds were heavily mission-aligned and nontraditional capital. dustin moskovitz (open philanthropy) jaan tallinn eric schmidt james mcclave series b: led by @sbf_ftx (ftx) with participation from caroline ellison jim mcclave nishad singh jaan tallinn and the center for emerging risk research (cerr) mostly individual and nontraditional backers. factorial funds (@solbier1) also joined as one of the only institutional vcs on the early cap table. series c: google strategic check not a traditional vc-led round. series d: @nabeel (spark capital) series e: @nik_quinn & @ravi_lsvp" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:19 UTC 1376 followers, 1159 engagements
"lots of movement across top vc firms lately especially at the partner level. we pulled the data to see who's actually getting hired where theyre coming from and what kind of experience is breaking through. first project with our summer intern who is already smarter faster and better dressed than me. had a lot of fun with it heres the map. some clear patterns 👇" @alexklein0x on X 2025-06-18 02:41:12 UTC 1374 followers, 93.2K engagements
"small tip for anyone interviewing in venture: when asked about your network dont just list impressive people you know(ish) and would call on a hot deal. be prepared to point to examples of when you were called by said impressive people. and why they called you. the value is the ladder. too many focus on the former. thats the network top firms are looking for. one that goes both ways" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-21 02:14:42 UTC 1375 followers, XXX engagements
"@togethercompute seed was led by @breeves08 (lux capital) with participation from @arjunsethi81 (susa ventures) @rsamvit (soma capital) @scottbanistergr (individual) @xanderatallah (individual) @frankelzach (individual) the first series a was co-led by @nvidia and @buckymoore (while at kp) with participation from @emergencecap second series a was led by @pdrews & @rl_keith (salesforce ventures) with participation from @manuaero (susa ventures) & @breeves08 (lux capital) series b was co-led by @generalcatalyst @alumniventures & @prosperity7vc with participation from @marchcapital @nvidia" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:22 UTC 1373 followers, XXX engagements
"@scale_AI yc co. series a was led by @daniel_levine (accel) with participation from @natfriedman @ilyasut @rauchg @gdb @ccheever @brosenblatt4 (boxgroup) series b was led by @mavolpi (while at index) with participation from @daniel_levine (accel) @justinkan (fractal) and @drewhouston (dropbox) series c was led by @peterthiel (founders fund) with participation from @mavolpi (while at index) @andychen @lucasswisher1 @krisfredrickson (coatue) @scottbelsky (now a24) @willreed_21 (spark capital)" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:22 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements
"21/ @natalievais Spark Capital General Partner (Early-stage dev tools & infra) Joined in 2023 from Amplify Partners where she led seed investments in MotherDuck Eppo ReadySet SpiralDB and TigerBeetle" @alexklein0x on X 2025-06-18 02:41:20 UTC 1376 followers, 1091 engagements
"1/ trend 1: the "builder's advantage" is table stakes now. with capital everywhere VCs who've shipped at startups & scaleups (like the ex-founders and PMs dominating this list) sniff out execution pitfalls that pure financiers miss. this isn't hype it's why operator-VCs are closing highly competitive deals + delivering outsized post-investment ops support. @pmarca has long preached: back those whove lived the chaos" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-13 21:45:26 UTC 1373 followers, XXX engagements
"21/ @Arpan_Shah_ Spark Capital General Partner (Early-stage) Joined November 2024 from Pear VC where he was a Partner. Prev Sequioa Scout. Co-founded Flannel (acquired by Plaid) led Robinhoods data/infrastructure teams. Now investing in fintech AI and enterprise infrastructure startups" @alexklein0x on X 2025-06-18 02:41:20 UTC 1376 followers, 1160 engagements
"14/ @PankajMitra Bessemer Partner (India: AI enterprise tech cybersecurity) Joined June 2025 from Ciscos corporate development team. Leads Bessemers $350M India fund focused on AI enterprise software and cybersecurity. Backed Fiddler Uniphore Whatfix at Cisco" @alexklein0x on X 2025-06-18 02:41:17 UTC 1376 followers, 1141 engagements
"the operator-to-vc pipeline keeps heating up and it's reshaping how deals get done. we mapped 30+ standout transitions over the last few years. these are the builders who became backers with some doing both in parallel. folks from @PalantirTech @Google @Airbnb @Dropbox @datadoghq @glean and @flexport are now deploying at top funds. trends i'm seeing below 👇" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-13 21:45:25 UTC 1374 followers, 50.8K engagements
"I would add that the board member who hired this ceo at X diff companies will also be on the chopping block. If not they should be with how much of a pos this guy clearly is (the Reddit posts from director reports of his are wild). I have worked for someone like that before and goooood lord these people" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-19 01:32:51 UTC 1372 followers, 17.2K engagements
"@databricks series a led by @bhorowitz (a16z) participated: @chuang_alfred (race capital) sv angel series b led by @psonsini (nea) participated: ben (a16z) dcvc a16z went on to lead the series d e and f and co-led the j alongside thrive dst gic insight and wcm" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:20 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements
"@shomikghosh21 @CackF certified beast. also in cribl and clickhouse not too shabby" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:48:34 UTC 1376 followers, XX engagements
"oh man. certainly his last ceo job. should also be her last c level hr job. the ceo and the chief people office hysterical. because definition of the ppl who should be furthest away from anything like this and by doing something this stupid they do not deserve to be in another c suite period" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-19 01:18:49 UTC 1371 followers, XXX engagements
"@tjparker 🎯 XXX% the wnba is absolutely on a roll. feels like they just raised a series b pmf is real time to scale. if this momentum keeps up giving players equity will create generational wealth and give them even more skin in the game. I love this such a smart idea" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-20 19:47:45 UTC 1376 followers, XX engagements
"@lennysan @8enmann @AnthropicAI @bhorowitz @a16z @btaylor woah" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-19 20:58:37 UTC 1376 followers, XX engagements
"@wiz_io series a had an elite cap table with @dougleone (sequoia) @jhoring (insight partners) @shardul_shah (index ventures) & @giliraanan (cyberstarts) series b had all of the same investors but added neil (greenoaks) and @adventventures added @salesforce series c was co-led by greenoaks & @jhoring (insight partners) with all of the same investors (no net new) series e was co-led by @pjclark (thrive) @arshammem (lightspeed) @zanelackey & @sarahdingwang (a16z) with @nkkall (salesforce ventures) @howardschultz (maveron) @giliraanan (cyberstarts) @chandna & @saammotamedi (greylock)" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:22 UTC 1374 followers, XXX engagements
"everyone talks about the breakout startups. no one talks about the investors who actually got in. i will. we mapped the cap tables behind some of the most iconic companies of this generation: openai anthropic anduril databricks rippling scale ramp perplexity elevenlabs together seed to growth. some names youd expect. a few that might surprise you (factorial in X of them launched in XX. wild). and yeah we probably missed some. call me out 👇" @alexklein0x on X 2025-07-18 03:38:18 UTC 1375 followers, 75.3K engagements
/creator/twitter::3041321104/posts