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# ![@dwarkesh_sp Avatar](https://lunarcrush.com/gi/w:26/cr:twitter::1209960539390201864.png) @dwarkesh_sp Dwarkesh Patel

Dwarkesh Patel posts on X about twitter, gdp, father of, lane the most. They currently have XXXXXXX followers and XXX posts still getting attention that total XXXXXXXXX engagements in the last XX hours.

### Engagements: XXXXXXXXX [#](/creator/twitter::1209960539390201864/interactions)
![Engagements Line Chart](https://lunarcrush.com/gi/w:600/cr:twitter::1209960539390201864/c:line/m:interactions.svg)

- X Week XXXXXXXXX +131%
- X Month XXXXXXXXXX +793%
- X Months XXXXXXXXXX +40%
- X Year XXXXXXXXXX +57%

### Mentions: XX [#](/creator/twitter::1209960539390201864/posts_active)
![Mentions Line Chart](https://lunarcrush.com/gi/w:600/cr:twitter::1209960539390201864/c:line/m:posts_active.svg)

- X Week XX +16%
- X Month XX +29%
- X Months XXX +37%
- X Year XXX +37%

### Followers: XXXXXXX [#](/creator/twitter::1209960539390201864/followers)
![Followers Line Chart](https://lunarcrush.com/gi/w:600/cr:twitter::1209960539390201864/c:line/m:followers.svg)

- X Week XXXXXXX +5.30%
- X Month XXXXXXX +10%
- X Months XXXXXXX +31%
- X Year XXXXXXX +87%

### CreatorRank: XXXXX [#](/creator/twitter::1209960539390201864/influencer_rank)
![CreatorRank Line Chart](https://lunarcrush.com/gi/w:600/cr:twitter::1209960539390201864/c:line/m:influencer_rank.svg)

### Social Influence [#](/creator/twitter::1209960539390201864/influence)
---

**Social category influence**
[finance](/list/finance)  #31 [social networks](/list/social-networks)  #235 [technology brands](/list/technology-brands)  #238 [countries](/list/countries)  XXXX% [stocks](/list/stocks)  XXXX%

**Social topic influence**
[twitter](/topic/twitter) 2.03%, [gdp](/topic/gdp) #1, [father of](/topic/father-of) #37, [lane](/topic/lane) #305, [all the](/topic/all-the) #3710, [blend](/topic/blend) #1, [gdp growth](/topic/gdp-growth) #1, [over the](/topic/over-the) 0.68%, [ceos](/topic/ceos) 0.68%, [agi](/topic/agi) XXXX%

**Top accounts mentioned or mentioned by**
[@basedproffoak](/creator/undefined) [@prof_kennedy](/creator/undefined) [@khalfallah_taha](/creator/undefined) [@crowcasey182573](/creator/undefined) [@sholtodouglas](/creator/undefined) [@grok](/creator/undefined) [@dwarkeshsp](/creator/undefined) [@tszzl](/creator/undefined) [@fleekfuturist](/creator/undefined) [@doggydog1208](/creator/undefined) [@joequant](/creator/undefined) [@trentonbricken](/creator/undefined) [@karpathy](/creator/undefined) [@geochurch](/creator/undefined) [@egeerdil2](/creator/undefined) [@rcampeligro](/creator/undefined) [@dylan522p](/creator/undefined) [@tamaybes](/creator/undefined) [@adawan919](/creator/undefined) [@danielmiessler](/creator/undefined)

**Top assets mentioned**
[Spotify Technology (SPOT)](/topic/$spot)
### Top Social Posts [#](/creator/twitter::1209960539390201864/posts)
---
Top posts by engagements in the last XX hours

"The Scaling Era is out today. I'm actually surprised with how well this format works. Even better than my expectations. It's so interesting to read side-by-side how hyperscalar CEOs AI researchers and economists will answer the same question. Thank you to the @stripepress team for making such a beautiful artifact and to @g_leech_ for being a wonderful co-author"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1975958555313504324) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-08T16:16Z 142.5K followers, 141.4K engagements


"Btw the audiobook stitches together snippets from the actual interviews. Makes for a really cool listening experience"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1976011807635669430) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-08T19:48Z 142.4K followers, 54K engagements


"For me a lot comes down to: X. Motivation - I now know how relevant every single thing I learned was (especially given the weird job I came to have) X. Confidence from experience that I can eventually understand complex things - just gotta sit with the confusion while I process the chunks. X. A much better ability to interrogate my confusion - to check whether I *actually* understand something or can skim a text without stumbling too much"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1977887332494958610) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-14T00:01Z 142.5K followers, 65.5K engagements


"Read CH X X and X of this book. Go into debt if you have to"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1971296063006048563) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-25T19:29Z 142.5K followers, 250.6K engagements


"CH X of The Vital Question: Why are bacteria relatively simple whereas eukaryotes gave rise to all the wonderful complexity we see around us Eukaryotes are typically 1000x bigger in volume and genome size. And of course gave rise to internal compartmentalization multicellularity sex and much else Heres a subtly wrong theory: its all about surface area to volume ratios. Eukaryotes generate energy in mitochondria (whose quantity scales with cell volume). Prokaryotes generate energy along the cell membrane surface (since they dont have an internal organelle like the mitochondria to generate and"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1972725059753332964) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-29T18:08Z 142.4K followers, 181.8K engagements


"The @SemiAnalysis_ team is taking @dylan522p's $XXX monthly social media bonus WAY too seriously"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1977971599661023337) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-14T05:35Z 142.5K followers, 65.2K engagements


"Boy do you guys have a lot of thoughts about the @RichardSSutton interview. Ive been thinking about it myself. I have a better understanding of Suttons perspective now than I did during the interview itself. So I want to reflect on it a bit. Richard apologies for any errors or misunderstandings. Its been very productive to learn from your thoughts. The steelman What is the bitter lesson about It is not saying that you just want to throw as much compute away as possible. The bitter lesson says that you want to come up with techniques which most effectively and scalably leverage compute. Most"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1973843323279569291) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-02T20:11Z 142.4K followers, 412.3K engagements


"Is there a good write up of why self driving cars took a decade+ from working demo rides to deployed at scale"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1975991734166487161) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-08T18:28Z 142.5K followers, 370.5K engagements


"This is so good. @ATabarrok @tylercowen you have to publish these more often"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1976453534947344669) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-10T01:03Z 142.5K followers, 54.6K engagements


"On the odds of a Taiwan invasion & how the CCP thinks w. Naval War College historian Sally Paine Full episode out tomorrow: "the West learned that you read improbable speeches . let's judge Xi Jinping at his word & he says he's going to go for it We're at an inflection point - a lot of educated people and businesses want to make autonomous decisions . and the Communist Party said that's off the table.""  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1709229893756784804) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2023-10-03T15:32Z 142.3K followers, 824.6K engagements


"On Chinese infiltration of US & British critical infrastructure - Dominic Cummings @Dominic2306 (Former Chief Advisor to PM) Full episode out tomorrow"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1724436548110696660) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2023-11-14T14:38Z 142.3K followers, 588.2K engagements


".@jacobkimmel thinks he can find the transcription factors necessary to reverse aging. 0:00:00 Three reasons evolution didn't optimize for longevity 0:12:48 Why didn't humans evolve their own antibiotics 0:26:08 De-aging cells via epigenetic reprogramming 0:45:24 Viral vectors and other delivery mechanisms 1:07:03 Synthetic transcription factors 1:10:13 Can virtual cells break Eroom's Law 1:32:13 Economic models for pharma Available on Apple Podcasts Spotify YouTube etc. Enjoy"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1958573777047924840) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-08-21T16:55Z 142.3K followers, 197.2K engagements


"I find it frustrating that almost every nonfiction book is basically just a history lesson even if it's nominally about some science/tech/policy topic. Nobody will just explain how something works. Books about the semiconductor industry will never actually explain the basic process flow inside a fab but you can bet that there will be a minute-by-minute recounting of a dramatic 1980s Intel boardroom battle"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1964741359669309727) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-07T17:23Z 142.2K followers, 605.8K engagements


"I sometimes help my friends rewrite their announcements/launches/blog posts for Twitter. Sharing what ends up commonly helpful. XX% of my value ends up being just getting them to say what they're trying to say. Literally the first thing I do is discard their current draft turn on Whisper narration and just ask them to explain their idea to me like I was hearing about it for the first time. Every single time it's immediately so much better than what they'd written before. What commonly changes: The first thing they say is closer to the material in the original draft's paragraph X. Something"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1968012981016608934) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-16T18:03Z 142.2K followers, 412.8K engagements


"A point I've heard both Carl and Gwern make is that with primates evolution finally found both a scalable brain architecture AND a niche that rewarded marginal increases in intelligence. Some birds are really smart for the size of the brains. But they're in a niche that punishes bigger heavier brains - they'll fall out of the sky. The difference in neuron count between primate species' brains is proportionally to their brain mass suggesting a scalable brain architecture By contrast for rodents and insectivores neuron count scales sublinearly with mass. Another feedback loop like the cooking"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1968359397144543357) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-17T17:00Z 142.4K followers, 121.8K engagements


"Notes from Chapter X of The Vital Question by future guest Nick Lane. In the intro he lists out the motivating questions: Why are bacteria so relatively simple despite being around for X billion years Why is there so much shared structure between all eukaryotic cells despite the enormous morphological variety between animals plants fungi and protists Why did the endosymbiosis event that led to eukaryotes happen only once and in the particular way that it did And why is all life powered by proton gradients Nick says all these questions are connected. Chapter 1: Lane says theres X different"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1968466469169373610) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-18T00:05Z 142.2K followers, 199.2K engagements


"Nick Lanes theory of how the first cells evolved: His main argument here is that life is continuous with the planets geochemistry. Aka a lot of the main characteristics of cells - membranes enzymes energy via proton gradients - descend from spontaneous processes in the Earth. But you cant have these characteristics evolve piecemeal in different locations. You need one location that houses all the processes which could then give rise to the first cell. Important context by the way is that all life descends from a single common ancestor - LUCA (last universal common ancestor). Okay so what"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1971321994210894106) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-25T21:12Z 142.2K followers, 148.6K engagements


".@RichardSSutton father of reinforcement learning doesnt think LLMs are bitter-lesson-pilled. My steel man of Richards position: we need some new architecture to enable continual (on-the-job) learning. And if we have continual learning we don't need a special training phase - the agent just learns on-the-fly - like all humans and indeed like all animals. This new paradigm will render our current approach with LLMs obsolete. I did my best to represent the view that LLMs will function as the foundation on which this experiential learning can happen. Some sparks flew. 0:00:00 Are LLMs a dead-end"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1971606180553183379) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-26T16:01Z 142.5K followers, 2.9M engagements


"Why do eukaryotes have sex And why X sexes in particular Nick Lane thinks this again can be explained by (you guessed it) mitochondria. First why sex Solves two problems: - Muller's ratchet: since almost any random mutation will be deleterious variation via mutation produces children with lower expected fitness. Whereas variation with recombination (which doesnt just do random bit flips - rather it randomly samples alleles which are known to be plausible) produces children with the same expected fitness. - Clonal interference: even if a beneficial mutation is found without systematic pooling"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1972750026100318239) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-29T19:47Z 142.5K followers, 398.4K engagements


"This was really interesting. The goal was to try and predict prices a minute out from an order book of previous bids and asks. Of course my very simple linear model obviously would not successfully predict the trajectory of mid price in a real market. But the exercise helped me get some intuition for the kind of feature engineering that's necessary to start making sense of the terabytes of market data"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1973152671235448836) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-09-30T22:27Z 142.2K followers, 341.5K engagements


"Some thoughts on the Sutton interview"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1974858869739245865) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-05T15:27Z 142.4K followers, 93.6K engagements


"Nick Lane thinks that half of the XX billion Earth-like planets in the Milky Way will spontaneously generate early organics like nucleotides and amino acids. Because the chemistry which leads to their formation is so favored. But then where are all the aliens The bottleneck to complex life in his view are eukaryotes. All the complex life you see around you is made of eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are typically 1000x bigger in volume and genome size. The key advantage eukaryotes have is that the mitochondrial genome is distinct from the nuclear genome. Respiration requires the relevant"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1976385235404440032) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-09T20:32Z 142.2K followers, 208.1K engagements


"This was great. X hours of Phil poking at leaky abstractions like real GDP productivity tasks effective compute and even suffering. We should aspire to interrogate the models and claims we take for granted as well as Phil"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1976453180834840986) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-10T01:02Z 142.5K followers, 59.5K engagements


"Nick Lane has a theory about the evolution of life which explains *why* life is the way that it is - all the contingent mechanisms youre just supposed to take as givens in biology class. He thinks early life was continuous with the spontaneous chemistry of deepsea hydrothermal vents. I find it remarkable that with just that starting point he can potentially explain so much: - Why are there two sexes Why sex at all - Why are bacteria so relatively simple despite being around for X billion years Why is there so much shared structure between all eukaryotic cells despite the enormous"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1976697329043570772) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-10T17:12Z 142.3K followers, 82.2K engagements


"I asked Nick if an analogy to Github repos would help illustrate the advantages of sexual recombination over asexual cloning or lateral gene transfer. Recombination is like a normal pull request - you have an organized diff at the same site as the previous functionality and then you merge back if maintainer evaluates the new code to be better (analogy is imperfect but this is like evolution driving that allele into fixation if it confers advantage). Asexual reproduction is if you just forked the repo millions of times making random char changes. And even if a couple of these forks end up"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1976714084822450466) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-10T18:18Z 142.5K followers, 34.5K engagements


"Does everyone secretly feel that if you went back you to college now you could learn so much faster better and deeper And that your XX year old self kinda wasted the opportunity"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1977834805397197199) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-13T20:32Z 142.5K followers, 2.2M engagements


"Really enjoying @1a3orn s blog. Great technical explainer content and thoughtful skepticism about AI risk. You know how @slatestarcodex said he finds about one great new blog a year I fear Ive just found mine"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1977995499744735677) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-14T07:10Z 142.5K followers, 47.2K engagements


"The full team doesn't show up on camera but they are just as responsible for this milestone. They all have super unexpected backgrounds btw. One of our editors (@conor1oshea) was a farmer in Argentina another (@anotherIshan_) was a maths student in Sri Lanka and a third (Aaron) traveled to Russia to study Soviet film-making. @maxwellfarrens (our general manager) was a door to door paint software salesman. I feel incredibly grateful to work with people who have so much taste and agency"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1978470920290542028) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-15T14:40Z 142.5K followers, 128.7K engagements


"The @karpathy interview 0:00:00 AGI is still a decade away 0:30:33 LLM cognitive deficits 0:40:53 RL is terrible 0:50:26 How do humans learn 1:07:13 AGI will blend into X% GDP growth 1:18:24 ASI 1:33:38 Evolution of intelligence & culture 1:43:43 - Why self driving took so long 1:57:08 - Future of education Look up Dwarkesh Podcast on YouTube Apple Podcasts Spotify etc. Enjoy"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1979234976777539987) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-17T17:16Z 142.5K followers, 5.4M engagements


"@khoomeik If your trajectory is 2x as long did you learn 2x as much It seems weird to define information-learned by how widely you apply that information (rather that how many outcomes you observe)"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1979240706742034857) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-17T17:38Z 142.5K followers, 8653 engagements


"The most interesting part for me is where @karpathy describes why LLMs aren't able to learn like humans. As you would expect he comes up with a wonderfully evocative phrase to describe RL: sucking supervision bits through a straw. A single end reward gets broadcast across every token in a successful trajectory upweighting even wrong or irrelevant turns that lead to the right answer. Humans don't use reinforcement learning as I've said before. I think they do something different. Reinforcement learning is a lot worse than the average person thinks. Reinforcement learning is terrible. It just"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1979259041013731752) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-17T18:51Z 142.5K followers, 884.3K engagements


"@karpathy It was a real privilege to chat Andrej. Thank you for coming on"  
[X Link](https://x.com/dwarkesh_sp/status/1979671656219185157) [@dwarkesh_sp](/creator/x/dwarkesh_sp) 2025-10-18T22:11Z 142.5K followers, 11.2K engagements