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@drwilliamwallac Avatar @drwilliamwallac William A. Wallace, Ph.D.

William A. Wallace, Ph.D. posts on X about health, dna, red, stem the most. They currently have XXXXXX followers and XXX posts still getting attention that total XXXXXX engagements in the last XX hours.

Engagements: XXXXXX #

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Mentions: XX #

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Followers: XXXXXX #

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Social Influence

Social category influence finance currencies

Social topic influence health, dna #367, red, stem, the first, reduce, just a, level, spine, nerves #9

Top accounts mentioned or mentioned by @bioprotocoleco @wiselyhealth @jeanpaulcurtay @bioprotocol @goddeketal @pollyouttapockt @joseantoniophd @darrencandow @drwilliamwallace @subbarajugv @doctorsaluja @tatiann69922625 @lunarcycling

Top Social Posts

Top posts by engagements in the last XX hours

"Your blood lives or dies by three nutrients: iron folate and vitamin B12. This chart shows how they build every red blood cell you have. ๐Ÿฉธ Iron: You eat 1020 mg a day but absorb only 315%. Heme iron (meat) gets in easily. Non-heme (plants) struggles. Vitamin C boosts absorption. Inflammation blocks it through hepcidin trapping iron in storage. ๐Ÿงฌ Folate + B12: These two run the DNA synthesis machinery in your bone marrow. Folate depletes in months. B12 lasts longer but needs intrinsic factor to be absorbed. Lose either and red blood cells enlarge but cant divide. โ™ป Recycling: Your body"
X Link 2025-12-02T19:15Z 22.3K followers, 33.6K engagements

"Mitochondria coordinate far more than ATP. ๐Ÿ”ป Cytochrome c apoptosis ๐Ÿ”ท HO redox + protein thiol signaling ๐Ÿ”ด NADH/NAD integrated stress response ๐Ÿ”บ AMPK metabolic/catabolic shift ๐Ÿงฌ mtDNA/mtRNA innate immune activation ๐Ÿ’  TCA metabolites chromatin + cell-fate programming"
X Link 2025-12-03T16:27Z 22.3K followers, 13.8K engagements

"Methylation is your body's on/off switch for health Methylation is how your body moves tiny chemical tags (methyl groups CH) onto DNA proteins and neurotransmitters. Its like flipping switches that control mood energy detox and gene expression. ๐Ÿ”น The Two Primary Cycles Folate Cycle: Folate (B9) is converted into methyl-folate the form that can donate methyl groups. This depends on enzymes like MTHFR and cofactors such as B2 B3 and B6. ๐Ÿ’ก Example: People with MTHFR variants may need methyl-folate supplements because they convert folic acid less efficiently. Methionine Cycle: Methionine (from"
X Link 2025-12-10T15:40Z 22.3K followers, 12.1K engagements

"How the brain talks to the immune system This diagram shows the inflammatory reflex - a neural circuit where the brain regulates inflammation through the vagus nerve. Its how psychological stress inflammation and immune activity stay linked. X The signal starts in the brain The vagus nerve carries electrical impulses from the brainstem to the spleen the bodys blood-filtering and immune-coordinating organ. ๐ŸŸข Example: Deep breathing and meditation can activate the vagus nerve lowering heart rate and reducing circulating inflammatory markers like CRP and IL-6. X The spleen acts as a relay When"
X Link 2025-11-26T00:14Z 22.1K followers, 46.5K engagements

"MIT found that the amino acid cysteine boosts stem cell repair by XX% via immune signals healing radiation or chemo damage. This research is the first to pinpoint a single nutrient that directly boosts the gut's regenerative capacity. Note that this was mechanistic rodent data but the implications are huge if this transfers to humans"
X Link 2025-11-26T15:00Z 22.2K followers, 72.7K engagements

"Is your multivitamin actually doing anything This review pulled together data from dozens of studies looking at how daily multivitamin/mineral use shows up across real biological systems; not just general health but cognition immunity pregnancy outcomes eye health and more. A few standouts from the research: ๐Ÿง  Cognition: Improvements in memory recall and global cognition in older adults. ๐Ÿ˜Ÿ Mood: Lower stress anxiety and fatigue in people with low micronutrient intake. ๐Ÿซ€ Cardio: Neutral to mildly protective effects on stroke and coronary disease. ๐Ÿฆ  Immunity: Better infection outcomes and"
X Link 2025-11-29T14:19Z 22.2K followers, 53.8K engagements

"When gut imbalance turns into whole-body inflammation This figure shows how an unhealthy gut microbiome can set off a chain reaction that affects metabolism hormones and nearly every major organ system. When the gut barrier weakens bacterial toxins leak into the bloodstream driving a cycle of chronic inflammation hormonal resistance and metabolic dysfunction. X From balance to breakdown A healthy gut microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids and bile acid derivatives that regulate appetite blood sugar and immunity. Poor diet and nutrient overload disrupt this balance reducing beneficial"
X Link 2025-11-29T17:39Z 22.2K followers, 27.1K engagements

"Your gut: a 7-meter assembly line extracting every usable molecule with molecular specificity. This figure maps how different sections of the gastrointestinal tract specialize in absorbing specific nutrients. From the stomach to the large intestine each region has a defined biochemical role that determines how vitamins minerals fats and amino acids enter the body. X Stomach preparation and partial absorption The stomach begins protein digestion through acid and enzymes while absorbing a few small molecules such as water ethanol and some minerals. ๐ŸŸข Example: Copper iodide and fluoride can"
X Link 2025-11-29T23:02Z 22.1K followers, 23K engagements

"Stress can reduce cognition (memory attention) by XX% (with respect to test scores) Certain botanicals (e.g. Rhodiola Ashwagandha) may mitigate via HPA-axis regulation and neuroprotection Evidence is promising but requires standardization. As always act with diet sleep and exercise. PMID: 41011217"
X Link 2025-12-01T12:25Z 22.2K followers, 16.5K engagements

"A new brain-imaging meta-analysis has uncovered the first consistent biochemical signature across multiple anxiety disorders (a shift in a single molecule that moves in the opposite direction of every major psychiatric condition studied to date). Even more surprising a separate study in young adults under metabolic strain reveals a nearly identical pattern emerging outside the brain. In this episode we trace the science behind this unexpected overlap follow the trail of this overworked molecule and explore what these clues suggest about the hidden biology anxiety leaves behind. Goal: To"
X Link 2025-12-02T13:46Z 22.2K followers, 2565 engagements

"Your body runs on a 24-hour clock and every organ you have is synced to it. Light hits your eyes the brains master clock flips the switch hormones shift every tissue switches into day or night mode. Day mode: burn glucose build glycogen store fat increase insulin boost alertness. Night mode: repair muscle burn fat make new mitochondria release melatonin stabilize metabolism. Circadian rhythm isnt just about sleep. It controls your hormones energy digestion and recovery. Get the timing right and your whole physiology runs better. Get it wrong and everything drifts. Graphic citation: Unknown"
X Link 2025-12-02T14:49Z 22.2K followers, 38K engagements

"Your spine isnt just a backbone its your bodys "wiring harness." Your spine isnt just a stack of bones. Its the main cable connecting your brain to every organ muscle and sensation in your body. Each level of your spine sends out branches (spinal nerves) that control specific regions. That means: A nerve in your neck can affect your shoulders arms or even your diaphragm. A nerve in your mid-back can influence digestion. A nerve in your lower back can change how your legs feel or move. Pelvic nerves can affect bladder reproductive organs and bowel function. Heres why this matters: ๐Ÿ”น Poor"
X Link 2025-11-23T17:57Z 22.2K followers, 417.5K engagements

"Your spine isnt just a backbone its your bodys "wiring harness." Your spine isnt just a stack of bones. Its the main cable connecting your brain to every organ muscle and sensation in your body. Each level of your spine sends out branches (spinal nerves) that control specific regions. That means: A nerve in your neck can affect your shoulders arms or even your diaphragm. A nerve in your mid-back can influence digestion. A nerve in your lower back can change how your legs feel or move. Pelvic nerves can affect bladder reproductive organs and bowel function. Heres why this matters: ๐Ÿ”น Poor"
X Link 2025-12-01T17:20Z 22.2K followers, 40.6K engagements

"๐Ÿ”ฅ Your entire immune system starts with one cell. Every red blood cell that carries oxygen Every platelet that stops a cut from bleeding Every neutrophil that attacks bacteria Every T cell that hunts viruses Every B cell that makes antibodies All of them come from the same origin: a single pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell hidden inside your bone marrow. ๐Ÿฉธ What this stem cell can become With the right signals from molecules like IL-3 GM-CSF IL-7 SCF and others this stem cell divides and chooses a path: Red blood cells to deliver oxygen Platelets to form clots Neutrophils eosinophils and"
X Link 2025-12-01T20:16Z 22.2K followers, 73.9K engagements

"The immune system has computation and memory. This pathway map shows how innate and adaptive immunity coordinate threat detection signal amplification targeted killing and long-term archival of antigen data. -Innate: pattern-recognition receptors complement macrophages neutrophils rapid non-specific control within minutes. -Adaptive: antigen-specific B and T cells clonal expansion antibody class switching. -IgM IgG IgA/IgE: sequential specialization depending on tissue and threat. -Memory B/T cells: durable molecular records enabling accelerated responses on re-exposure. What looks like a"
X Link 2025-12-04T17:46Z 22.2K followers, 14.5K engagements

"Across XX clinical trials 6002400 mg/day of garlic extract lowered blood pressure by X mmHg systolic and X mmHg diastolic (numbers similar to a mild antihypertensive). Mechanisms: nitric oxide ACE activity"
X Link 2025-12-05T18:55Z 22.2K followers, 14.7K engagements

"Your gut: a 7-meter assembly line extracting every usable molecule with molecular specificity. This figure maps how different sections of the gastrointestinal tract specialize in absorbing specific nutrients. From the stomach to the large intestine each region has a defined biochemical role that determines how vitamins minerals fats and amino acids enter the body. X Stomach preparation and partial absorption The stomach begins protein digestion through acid and enzymes while absorbing a few small molecules such as water ethanol and some minerals. ๐ŸŸข Example: Copper iodide and fluoride can"
X Link 2025-12-06T19:30Z 22.2K followers, 8772 engagements

"Physical activity is the most effective intervention available for promoting brain health and longevity. Recent research demonstrates that regular exercise even in modest amounts is effective for enhancing brain volume improving memory and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond its cognitive benefits moderate physical activity also contributes to extended lifespan and better overall health outcomes. Even regular walking has shown to have powerful impacts on brain structure and function: *Activity levels equivalent to 4000 steps per day have been linked to measurable increases"
X Link 2025-10-18T20:21Z 22.3K followers, 746.4K engagements

"3 types of hunger explained "simply" Hunger isnt just about an empty stomach. Your brain receives signals from body composition hormones emotions and even gut microbes. Heres how the three major types work: X Homeostatic Hunger (Energy Balance Hunger) This is your bodys fuel gauge. It rises and falls based on energy needs and metabolic signals. What drives it: Ghrelin from the stomach stimulates hunger; leptin from fat cells and incretin hormones (GLP-1 PYY CCK) reduce it. What it does: Ensures your intake matches your energy needs for exercise growth and tissue repair. ๐ŸŸข Example: After a"
X Link 2025-10-19T12:12Z 22.3K followers, 331.6K engagements

"This is how neurons talk. And once you understand this a lot of human behavior suddenly makes more sense. GABA Your brains main calming signal. Helps keep neurons from firing out of control. The reason relaxation is even possible. Glutamate The primary excitatory signal. Essential for learning memory and plasticity. Too little and you cant think; too much becomes toxic. Acetylcholine Attention learning and muscle activation. This is the neurotransmitter that connects your brain to every voluntary movement your body makes. Dopamine Motivation drive reinforcement. Its less about pleasure and"
X Link 2025-11-20T17:59Z 22.3K followers, 221.1K engagements

"Your mitochondria are not batteries theyre chemical factories. And this is what theyre building. This diagram looks complex because it is. Your mitochondria act like tiny biochemical control centers that influence how well you think heal detoxify fight infection and even age. Heres the simple version: X They dont just make energy they make the building blocks of life. Mitochondria produce the raw materials your cells need for: -DNA & RNA -Brain chemicals -Antioxidants -Cell membranes -Repair enzymes When mitochondria slow down everything from immunity to cognition takes a hit. X They run a"
X Link 2025-11-30T14:03Z 22.3K followers, 35.7K engagements

"Essential nutrients run the entire operating system of your body. The importance of minerals cannot be understated Every heartbeat every muscle contraction every memory every immune response minerals are behind it. Heres what youre looking at: ๐ŸŸก Calcium: not just for bones It also drives nerve signaling muscle contraction blood clotting and hormone release. ๐ŸŸข Magnesium: the quiet multitasker Its required for hundreds of biochemical reactions from energy production to DNA repair to blood pressure control. ๐Ÿ”ต Zinc: your immune systems on switch It helps build proteins repair tissues support"
X Link 2025-11-30T16:00Z 22.3K followers, 15.9K engagements

"Every vitamin has a job. Every deficiency has a consequence. Every food choice moves the needle. A quick breakdown: ๐Ÿ”ต Vitamin D Bone strength and calcium absorption. Low levels raise the risk of weak bones and fatigue. ๐ŸŸฃ Vitamin B12 Builds DNA and protects nerves. Low B12 can mean anemia tingling and brain fog. ๐ŸŸก Vitamin A Vision immunity and tissue growth. Deficiency can lead to night blindness. ๐ŸŸข Vitamin K Clots your blood when youre injured. Deficiency increases bleeding risk. ๐ŸŸ  Vitamin C Major antioxidant and collagen builder. Low C = weak immunity and poor wound healing. ๐Ÿ”ด Vitamin"
X Link 2025-12-01T15:41Z 22.3K followers, 316.2K engagements

"The colon is a biochemical processing unit not a waste reservoir. ๐Ÿงช SCFAs from fiber regulate inflammation and epithelial energy. ๐Ÿ”ฌ Amino-acid metabolism contributes to neurotransmitter precursors. ๐Ÿ›ก Microbial detox reduces phenols indoles ammonia and other reactive metabolites. ๐Ÿ’ง Reabsorption of water/electrolytes + recovery of usable energy. โš™ Immune + barrier regulation driven by local pH and microbial metabolites. What leaves the body is minor compared to the signaling detoxification and metabolic conversion happening upstream. Source: Thiemes Color Atlas of Physiology"
X Link 2025-12-03T18:26Z 22.3K followers, 23.4K engagements

"Vitamin D biology spans multiple organs: โ˜€ Skin: UVB previtamin D ๐Ÿฉธ Liver: 25-hydroxylation 25-OH D ๐Ÿงฌ Kidney & immune cells: 1- hydroxylation active 125-OH D ๐Ÿฆด Bone: RANKL + calcium regulation ๐Ÿ›ก Immune cells: VDR-driven antimicrobial + inflammatory control ๐Ÿ”„ Feedback: PTH FGF23 and local tissue signaling This is why vitamin D status affects bone immunity cell proliferation and gene expression its a hormone with system-wide targets. source: Holick M. F. (2014). Cancer sunlight and vitamin D. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology 1(4) 179186"
X Link 2025-12-04T13:37Z 22.3K followers, 11.9K engagements

"Its not so much about how long you move; its how often. A growing body of research shows that you dont need long gym sessions to improve health. The 2025 expert consensus statement (citation below) highlights how brief frequent bursts of movement throughout the day called short bouts of accumulated exercise (SBAE) can deliver many of the same benefits as structured workouts. X What Is SBAE Short bouts of accumulated exercise are small sessions of movement often XXX minutes performed several times per day. They add up to meaningful totals of physical activity over time. ๐ŸŸข Example: Walking up"
X Link 2025-12-06T01:07Z 22.3K followers, 36.6K engagements

"Visualization of liquid water ๐Ÿ’ง turning into ice ๐ŸงŠ Liquid water is akin to a chemical riot; hydrogen bonds forming and breaking billions of times per second. Then the temperature falls and everything changes. The molecules synchronize lock into a lattice release heat and become ice. A phase transition captured in a single moment of molecular self-organization"
X Link 2025-12-06T14:00Z 22.3K followers, 6708 engagements

"Understanding the link between micronutrients and depression Depression is a complex condition with many causes from genetics trauma and chronic stress to inflammation and neurotransmitter imbalances. Micronutrient deficiencies do not explain all cases of depression. But for some individuals inadequate levels of key vitamins and minerals can worsen brain function and mood regulation. ๐Ÿ”น B Vitamins (B6 B12 Folate) These vitamins regulate homocysteine metabolism and support methylation pathways. Low levels can disrupt mitochondrial energy production and growth factor signaling impairing"
X Link 2025-12-07T17:30Z 22.3K followers, 22.7K engagements

"A simple guide to what exercise does to your brain Exercise isnt just about muscles; its one of the most powerful tools for brain health. Every workout sends chemical signals and blood flow to your brain that sharpen thinking boost mood and protect neurons. Heres how: X Sharper Focus & Motivation Exercise releases norepinephrine and dopamine improving attention perception drive and learning. ๐ŸŸข Example: That clear-headed feeling after a run isnt random its brain chemistry. X Better Mood & Stress Relief Serotonin rises enhancing mood and reducing anxiety. Endorphins & enkephalins dull pain and"
X Link 2025-12-07T20:59Z 22.3K followers, 11.3K engagements

"Cognitive function among other things is influenced by the availability and metabolism of amino acids. This graphic is meant to highlight the multifaceted roles of specific amino acids in neural pathways. For instance -alanine stands as a neuromodulator with affinities for GABA and glycine receptors intricately involved in synaptic responses. L-arginine a precursor for nitric oxide plays a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity by regulating neurotransmitters like glutamate and dopamine. L-histidine's metabolism to histamine underscores its impact on alertness and the sleep/wake cycle while"
X Link 2025-12-07T21:53Z 22.3K followers, 11.6K engagements

"A recent analysis updates the 80/20 principle: not two zones but six physiological intensity domains. It distinguishes aerobic threshold VOmax lactate-heavy and maximal alactic work while recognizing that most of the weekly load should still come from low-intensity volume. The model unifies daily movement and structured training under one metabolic framework. Nice read"
X Link 2025-12-08T13:25Z 22.3K followers, 23.4K engagements

"What youre seeing This figure shows how modern diets alter the gut environment shifting microbial balance weakening intestinal defenses and driving low-grade inflammation linked to chronic disease. ๐ŸŸก High-fat low-fiber diets change bile acid metabolism and reduce short-chain fatty acid production weakening the gut barrier ๐ŸŸก Food additives like emulsifiers and artificial sweeteners thin the mucus layer and disrupt microbial diversity ๐ŸŸก Ultra-processed foods and irregular eating patterns damage the intestinal lining and desynchronize the guts internal clock Together these changes create a"
X Link 2025-12-08T18:55Z 22.3K followers, 12K engagements

"Magnesium plays an important role in blood pressure regulation as demonstrated by its influence on endothelial function calcium efflux and oxidative stress. Magnesium deficiency can contribute to endothelial dysfunction increased oxidative stress and vascular remodeling all of which exacerbate hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk. Supplementation with magnesium has been shown to induce vasodilation decrease vascular tone and improve blood pressure outcomes. A recent umbrella meta-analyses (PMID: 39280209) found that magnesium doses XXX mg/day administered for a duration of XX weeks"
X Link 2025-12-09T12:45Z 22.3K followers, 16.3K engagements

"How Coffee Roasting Changes Chlorogenic Acids (and Other Antioxidants) Coffee beans are packed with chlorogenic acids - plant compounds that help regulate blood sugar protect blood vessels and act as antioxidants. Roasting changes how much of these (and other polyphenols) end up in your cup: X Light Roast Highest total polyphenols (9.45 mg/g). Chlorogenic acids dominate (8.0 mg/g). ๐ŸŸข Example: Lighter roasts keep the most chlorogenic acids which may support glucose control and vascular health. X Medium Roast Slightly fewer polyphenols (8.44 mg/g). Chlorogenic acids fall (6.56 mg/g) while"
X Link 2025-12-09T16:28Z 22.3K followers, 26.1K engagements

"Alcohol metabolism and why a few drinks linger longer than you think. Your body processes XX% of ethanol in the liver but the path creates toxic byproducts and drains key cofactors. X Step 1: Ethanol Acetaldehyde Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) converts ethanol to acetaldehyde a far more toxic molecule. ๐Ÿ’ก Example: Acetaldehyde is 1030x more toxic than ethanol and drives hangovers. X Step 2: Acetaldehyde Acetate Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) detoxifies acetaldehyde to acetate. Genetic variants slow this step causing the flush response. ๐Ÿ’ก Example: 3050% of East Asians have ALDH2 deficiency"
X Link 2025-12-09T20:45Z 22.3K followers, 28.1K engagements

"Circadian rhythms control everything in the gut from acid production to motility to microbiome behavior. Disrupting that rhythm weakens the gut barrier and fuels inflammation. Aligning sleep light and meals helps restore digestion and gutimmune balance. PMID: 40588189"
X Link 2025-12-10T12:28Z 22.3K followers, 13.2K engagements

"Electrolyte disorders look chaotic on the surface but every branch in this chart reflects precise physiological rule. Sodium potassium calcium magnesium and phosphate dont drift randomly (they shift according to fluid status hormones kidney function acid-base balance and cellular redistribution). This visual approximates the logic used to "decode" those shifts: Sodium tracks water balance. Potassium mirrors intracellular physiology and renal handling. Calcium is suggestive of parathyroid hormone vitamin D and bone-kidney signaling. Phosphate reflects metabolism and renal thresholds. Magnesium"
X Link 2025-12-11T12:45Z 22.3K followers, 13K engagements

"Caffeine metabolism and why coffee hits people differently X Absorption Is Fast Caffeine is absorbed in the stomach & small intestine peaking in blood within 3060 min. ๐Ÿ’ก why that morning espresso kicks in quick. X The Liver Is the Gatekeeper CYP1A2 enzyme (a liver detox enzyme) breaks caffeine down. ๐Ÿ’ก Some people have a fast version others a slow one. X Three Metabolites Dominate Paraxanthine boosts alertness fat metabolism. Theobromine widens blood vessels (and is in chocolate). Theophylline relaxes airways (like old asthma drugs). X Genetics Decide Your Buzz Fast metabolizers clear"
X Link 2025-12-11T16:06Z 22.3K followers, 15.4K engagements

"Mitochondrial biogenesis (protein-by-protein): X. Energy stress (exercise/energy deficit etc) AMP/ATP & NAD X. AMPK activates (energy sensor) X. SIRT1 activates X. PGC-1 is activated (phosphorylated by AMPK + deacetylated by SIRT1) X. PGC-1 coactivates NRF1/NRF2 in the nucleus X. NRF1/NRF2 induce TFAM (and other mitochondrial gene programs) X. TFAM mtDNA packaging + replication/transcription more oxidative phosphorylation capacity PMID: 33186655"
X Link 2025-12-12T20:14Z 22.3K followers, 3453 engagements